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BS EN 10247:2017

$215.11

Micrographic examination of the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard pictures

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2017 84
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This draft European Standard defines a method of microscopic non-metallic endogenous inclusion assessment using picture charts. The method does not apply to particles of a length or diameter less than 3,0 µm or a width smaller than 2,0 µm. If defined by a product standard or agreement between the involved parties for certain special products, inclusions with a width below 2,0 µm can be evaluated by length alone.Inclusions with dimensions exceeding the upper limits in Table 2 are evaluated as belonging to the maximum class and noted separately with their true dimensions (see 7.5.6). It is assumed, if particles are elongated or if there are stringers of particles, that they are parallel to each other. Other arrangements are not covered by this draft standard. This draft European Standard applies to samples with a microscopic precipitation approaching random distribution. From the data of measurements obtained by this method, evaluation according to other standards can be established. This draft European Standard does not apply to free cutting steels. NOTE The basic principle of this draft European Standard allows the determination of non-metallic inclusion content by image analysis techniques.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
12 4 Symbols and abbreviations
14 5 Principles
15 6 Brief practical guide
6.1 Basic rules for evaluation
16 6.2 Evaluation according to the default rating methods
7 Sampling
7.1 General
17 7.2 Degree of reduction
7.3 Size and location of test area
7.4 Number of specimens
18 7.5 Preparation of specimens
8 Test method
8.1 Magnification
8.2 Microscope settings for image analysis and manual analysis
19 8.3 Field of view
8.4 Definition of the pictures of the chart
8.4.1 Size and Shape
8.4.2 Parameters
8.4.3 Arrangement of the pictures
20 8.5 Procedure
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Several inclusions of mixed sizes in one field
8.5.2.1 General
8.5.2.2 Elongated inclusions
8.5.2.3 Globular inclusions
8.5.3 Scanning
21 8.5.4 Assessment and evaluation
8.5.5 Evaluation of different types of inclusions
8.5.6 Recording of results
9 Types of assessment
9.1 Worst inclusion method: method P
9.1.1 Principle
22 9.1.2 Evaluation of PL (worst length)
9.1.3 Evaluation of Pd (worst diameter)
9.1.4 Evaluation of Pa (worst area)
9.2 Worst field method: method M
9.2.1 Principle
9.2.2 Evaluation of Mn (rating according to number)
9.2.3 Evaluation of ML (rating according to length)
9.2.4 Evaluation of Md (rating according to diameter)
23 9.2.5 Evaluation of Ma (rating according to area)
9.3 Average field method: method K
9.3.1 Principle
9.3.2 Scanning of a specimen for average field assessment
9.3.3 Evaluation
9.3.3.1 Complete evaluation
9.3.3.2 Restricted evaluation
9.3.4 Evaluation of Kn, KL for elongated and Kn, Kd for globular inclusions
24 9.3.5 Evaluation of Kn and Ka
10 Test report
36 Annex A (normative)Type of inclusions
39 Annex B (normative)Parameters and assessments to be used if not otherwise specified
40 Annex C (informative)Examples for inclusions of different types
44 Annex D (informative)Shape factor
45 Annex E (informative)Examples for magnification
47 Annex F (informative)Details of the eyepiece graticules
48 Annex G (normative)Manufacturing specifications of the eyepiece graticule
G.1 General
G.2 Narrow field microscopes
50 G.3 Broad field microscopes
52 Annex H (normative)Calculation basis for the pictures of the chart
54 Annex I (normative)Rules for classification
I.1 Definition of classes
I.2 Classification of length
I.3 Classification of width
I.4 Classification of diameter
55 Annex J (informative)Comparison of inclusion types in different standards
56 Annex K (informative)Worst inclusion assessment
60 Annex L (informative)Worst field assessment
L.1 General
L.2 Evaluation of Mn
L.3 Evaluation of Mn, ML and Md
L.4 Evaluation of Mn and Ma
64 Annex M (informative)Average field assessment
M.1 General
M.2 Evaluation of Kn, KL and Kd
M.3 Evaluation of Kn and Ka
M.4 Restricted assessment
76 Annex N (normative)Calculation basis for the assessment
N.1 Worst inclusion assessment
N.2 Worst field assessment
N.2.1 General
N.2.2 Calculation of Mn
N.2.3 Calculation of ML
77 N.2.4 Calculation of Md
N.2.5 Calculation of Ma
N.3 Average field
79 Annex O (informative)Edge Errors correction
O.1 General
O.2 Measurement
O.3 Large inclusions
81 Annex P (normative)Calculation of average values of parameters for one class
82 Annex Q (normative)Average values of parameters
BS EN 10247:2017
$215.11