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BS EN ISO 18135:2017:2018 Edition

$198.66

Solid Biofuels. Sampling

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2018 66
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This document describes methods for preparing sampling plans and certificates, as well as taking samples of solid biofuels, for example, from the place where the raw materials grow, from production plant, from deliveries, e.g. lorry loads, or from stock. It includes both manual and mechanical methods, and is applicable to solid biofuels that are either:

  • fine (particle sizes up to about 10 mm) and regularly shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, for example, sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets;

  • coarse or irregularly shaped particulate materials (particle sizes up to about 200 mm) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, for example, wood chips and nut shells, forest residue chips, and straw;

  • baled materials, for example, baled straw or grass;

  • large pieces (particle sizes above 200 mm) that are either picked manually or automatically;

  • vegetable waste, fibrous waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp that has been dewatered;

  • thermally treated and densified biomass materials;

  • roundwood.

This document is not applicable to airborne dust from solid biofuels. It may be possible to use this document for other solid biofuels.

The methods described in this document may be used, for example, when the samples are to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
7 Foreword
8 Introduction
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
10 4 Symbols
11 5 Principle
12 6 Establishing a sampling scheme (sampling plan)
6.1 Principle
13 6.2 Full sampling plan
6.3 Brief sampling plan
6.4 Division of lots
14 7 Visual inspection
8 Number of increments
8.1 General
15 8.2 Primary increment variance (Vi)
16 8.3 Preparation and testing variance (VPT)
8.4 Overall precision (PL)
8.5 Calculation of number of increments per (sub-) lot
18 9 Calculation of the size of increment
10 Combined sample — Calculation of the volume of the combined sample
19 11 Sampling equipment
11.1 General
11.2 Equipment for manual sampling
11.2.1 Sampling box for falling-stream
20 11.2.2 Scoops
21 11.2.3 Shovels
22 11.2.4 Forks
23 11.2.5 Grabs
24 11.2.6 Probes (thieves)
11.2.7 Pipes (spears)
25 11.2.8 Frames
11.2.9 Hooks
26 11.2.10 Drills (augers)
27 11.3 Equipment for mechanical sampling
11.3.1 Use of coal sampling standards and checking for bias
11.3.2 Falling-stream sampler
28 11.3.3 Cross-belt sampler
29 11.3.4 Mechanical probes
11.3.5 Mechanical drills
12 Sampling in practice
12.1 General
30 12.2 Methods for sampling stationary material
12.2.1 Sampling from small packages (<50 kg)
12.2.2 Sampling from containers, lorries and wagons
31 12.2.3 Sampling from stockpiles
32 12.2.4 Sampling from ships and barges
33 12.2.5 Sampling from bales
12.3 Methods for sampling moving material
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Sampling from falling streams
34 12.3.3 Sampling from conveyor belts
12.3.4 Sampling from bucket conveyors, drag conveyors, bucket loaders or grabs
12.4 Sampling of roundwood
12.4.1 General method
35 12.4.2 Method for fast moisture-content determination
36 13 Sample generation for combined samples and laboratory samples
14 Performance characteristics
15 Handling and storage of samples
15.1 Packaging, storing and transport of samples
37 15.2 Identification/labelling
16 Sampling certificates
38 Annex A (informative) Model sampling plan and sampling certificate
39 Annex B (informative) Sampling from large stockpiles
40 Annex C (informative) Bulk densities of solid biofuels
41 Annex D (informative) Reference values for Vi and VPT
44 Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the number of increments to be taken
51 Annex F (informative) Quality parameters for various solid biofuels in BIONORM projects and large shipments of wood pellets
61 Annex G (informative) Single delivery sampling
62 Annex H (informative) Continuous delivery sampling
64 Bibliography
BS EN ISO 18135:2017
$198.66