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FEMA 459 08 2008

FEMA 459 08 2008

$11.05

FEMA 459 – Incremental Protection for Existing Commercial Buildings from Terrorist Attack

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
FEMA 2008 170
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
1 FRONT COVER

1.2.2.1 Chemical Agents
1.2.2.2 Biological Agents
1.2.2.3 Radiological Threats
3 TITLE PAGE
5 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS

BACKGROUND
6 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
LIMITATIONS
7 INTENDED AUDIENCE
CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17 1 INTEGRATED INCREMENTAL BUILDING PROTECTION
1.1 What is Integrated Incremental Building Protection
1.1.1 Integration of Terrorism Risk Reduction in the Facility Management Process
18 1.1.2 Incremental Approach Distributes Cost over Time and Avoids Added Disruption
19 1.1.3 Risk Reduction Decisions
20 1.2 Potential Threats
21 1.2.1 Explosive Threats
23 1.2.2 CBR Threats
25 1.3 Terrorism Risk Reduction
1.3.1 Categories of Risk Reduction Increments
26 1.3.2 Implementation Considerations
27 1.4 Special Issues Related to Existing Commercial Buildings
28 1.5 Commercial Building Classifications
29 1.6 Facility Management Process for Existing Commercial Buildings
30 1.6.1 The Acquisition Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
31 1.6.2 The Redevelopment Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
33 1.6.3 The Current Building Use Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
35 1.6.4 The Planning Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
38 1.6.5 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Budgeting Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
40 1.6.6 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Funding Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
41 1.6.7 The Maintenance and Rehabilitation Implementation Phase of Commercial Building Facility Management
42 1.7 Planning and Managing Incremental Terrorism Risk Reduction
43 1.7.1 Step 1—Conduct a Due Diligence Terrorism Risk Assessment
44 1.7.2 Step 2—Identify and Implement Initial Increment Integration Opportunities
45 1.7.3 Step 3—Assess Terrorism Risk
46 1.7.4 Step 4—Develop a Security Master Plan
47 1.7.5 Step 5—Plan Incremental Rehabilitation for Specific Buildings
48 1.7.6 Step 6—Stage Rehabilitation Increments
49 1.7.7 Step 7—Coordinate with Tenant Work
50 1.7.8 Step 8—Define Budget Packaging
51 1.7.9 Step 9—Implement Integrated Incremental Rehabilitation Project Management
52 1.8 Terrorism Risk Assessment to Terrorism Risk Reduction
53 2 MOVING FROM RISK ASSESSMENT TO IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 Risk Assessment Process
55 2.1.1 Levels of Vulnerability Assessment
56 2.1.2 The Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist
57 2.2 Scheduling Increments: Physical Protection and Strengthening Measures and Operational (Protective and Control) Measures
2.2.1 Physical Protection and Strengthening Measures
2.2.2 Operational Measures
58 2.3 Identifying Integration Opportunities for Incremental Building Protection
69 3 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK
REDUCTION RELATED TO BLASTS
70 3.1 Selected Examples of Terrorist Attacks on Buildings
71 3.1.1 Baltic Exchange, City of London, April 1992
3.1.2 World Trade Center, New York City, February 1993
72 3.1.3 Bishopsgate, City of London, April 1993
73 3.1.4 Town Center, Manchester, England, June 1996
74 3.2 Performance Standards
76 3.3 Site Incremental Upgrades: Perimeter Protection
78 3.4 Incremental Building Rehabilitation Measures
3.4.1 Building Envelope
80 3.4.2 Fragment Retention Film
83 3.4.3 Laminated Glass
84 3.4.4 Blast Curtains
86 3.4.5 Glazing Catch Cable/Bar Retrofit
87 3.4.6 Energy-Absorbing Catch Cable Systems
3.4.7 Unreinforced Masonry Wall Debris Control
90 3.4.8 Other Facade Retrofits
3.5 Nonstructural Members
91 3.6 Structural Retrofits
92 3.6.1 Columns
93 3.6.2 Floor Systems
96 3.6.3 Load-Bearing Unreinforced Masonry Walls
97 3.6.4 Transfer Girders
3.7 Blast Protection Measures
99 3.8 Blast Protection Measure Cost Considerations
101 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK REDUCTION RELATED TO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND RADIOLOGICAL THREATS
4.1 Overview of CBR Threats
102 4.2 Principles of Design for Risk Reduction Related to CBR
103 4.3 Prioritization of CBR Vulnerabilities: Incremental Improvements
104 4.3.1 Level 1, Operational Measures and Expedient Protection
4.3.2 Level 2, Enhanced Physical Security
105 4.3.3 Level 3, Enhanced Sheltering in Place
4.3.4 Level 4, Aerosol Filtration, Medium Level
106 4.3.5 Level 5, Gas-Phase Filtration, Medium Level
4.3.6 Level 6, Aerosol Filtration, High Level
107 4.3.7 Level 7, Gas-Phase Filtration, High Level
4.4 Design Guidance for CBR Protective Levels
4.4.1 Level 1, Operational Measures and Expedient Protection
4.4.1.1 Scope and Capabilities
108 4.4.1.2 Methods and Requirements
113 4.4.1.3 Cost Considerations
114 4.4.2 Level 2, Physical Security
4.4.2.1 Scope and Capabilities
4.4.2.2 Methods and Requirements
117 4.4.2.3 Cost Considerations
4.4.3 Level 3, Enhanced Safe Rooms and Isolated Zones
4.4.3.1 Scope and Capabilities
4.4.3.2 Methods
120 4.4.3.3 Cost Considerations
4.4.4 Level 4, Aerosol Filtration, Medium Level
4.4.4.1 Scope and Capabilities
121 4.4.4.2 Methods and Requirements
4.4.4.3 Cost Considerations
122 4.4.5 Level 5, Gas-Phase Filtration, Medium Level
4.4.5.1 Scope and Capabilities
123 4.4.5.2 Methods and Requirements
124 4.4.5.3 Cost Considerations
4.4.6 Level 6, Aerosol Filtration, High Level
4.4.6.1 Scope and Capabilities
4.4.6.2 Methods and Requirements
125 4.4.6.3 Cost Considerations
4.4.7 Level 7, Gas-Phase Filtration, High Level
4.4.7.1 Scope and Capabilities
126 4.4.7.2 Methods and Requirements
128 4.4.7.3 Cost Considerations
4.5 SUMMARY
130 4.6 CBR Protection Measures
133 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR RISK REDUCTION RELATED TO OPERATIONAL SECURITY MEASURES
5.1 Overview of Operational Security Measures
134 5.2 Detection and Assessment Measures
5.2.1 Exterior Intrusion Detection Systems
135 5.2.2 Interior Intrusion Detection Systems
5.2.3 Video Assessment and Surveillance Systems
137 5.2.4 Access Control Systems
138 5.2.5 Vehicle Inspection Systems
139 5.2.6 Duress Alarms
5.2.7 Mail/Package Screening
141 5.3 Interdiction/Response Measures
5.3.1 Guard Force – Detection/Delay Role
142 5.3.2 Guard Force – Respond/Interdiction Role
5.3.3 Response Force Contingency Planning
143 5.4 Procedural Measures
5.4.1 Restricted Areas
144 5.4.2 Parking and Traffic Controls
145 5.4.3 Restrict Access to Facility Information
5.4.4 Encourage Employee Support
5.5 Preparedness Measures
146 5.5.1 Develop a Disaster Preparedness Plan
5.5.2 Conduct Risk Assessments
5.5.3 Develop Mass Notification Systems
5.5.4 Evacuation Planning and Shelter in Place Preparation
147 5.5.5 Monitor Emergency Systems and Resources
5.5.6 Conduct Training Drills and Exercises
148 5.6 Security Master Planning
149 5.7 Additional Aspects of Operational Security Measures Related to Blast Events
150 5.7.1 Establish an Explosive Detection Program
5.7.2 Establish Bomb Threat Procedures
5.7.3 Establish Blast-Related Mail/Package Handling Procedures
151 5.8 Additional Aspects of Operational Security Measures Related to CBR Events
153 5.8.1 Prevent Access, and Secure and Monitor Outdoor Air Intakes
5.8.2 Establish CBR-Related Mail/Package Handling Procedures
154 5.8.3 Additional Measures
155 5.9 Prioritization of Operational Security Considerations
156 5.9.1 Retail Buildings
5.9.2 Office Buildings
5.9.3 Multi-Family Apartment Buildings
157 5.9.4 Hotel Security Measures
5.10 Incremental Integration of Operational and Physical Security Measures into a Risk Reduction Program: Flexibility and Tradeoffs
159 5.11 Operational Security Protection Measures
5.11.1 Physical Protection and Strengthening Buildings
160 5.11.2 Operational Measures
162 5.11.3 Operational Measures Categorized into the Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist
167 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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FEMA 459 08 2008
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