This European Standard specifies the methods for characterizing the stiffness of bituminous mixtures by alternative tests, including bending tests and direct and indirect tensile tests. The tests are performed on compacted bituminous material under a sinusoidal loading or other controlled loading, using different types of specimens and supports. The procedure is used to rank bituminous mixtures on the basis of stiffness, as a guide to relative performance in the pavement, to obtain data for estimating the structural behaviour in the road and to judge test data according to specifications for bituminous mixtures. As this standard does not impose a particular type of testing device the precise choice of the test conditions depends on the operating scope and working range of the device used. For the choice of specific test conditions, the requirements of the product standards for bituminous mixtures should be respected. The applicability of this document is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures.<\/p>\n
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| 63<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | 3.2 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | 4 Principle 5 Sample preparation 5.1 Age of the specimens 5.2 Drying of the specimens 5.3 Dimensions and bulk density of the specimens <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 73<\/td>\n | 5.4 Number of test specimens 6 Checking of the testing equipment 7 Test methods 7.1 General 7.2 Codification of tests 7.2.1 Sinusoidal bending tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | 7.2.2 lndirect tensile test (pulse or cyclic) 7.2.3 Cyclic or monotonous uniaxial tests 7.2.4 Loading conditions 7.2.5 Load amplitudes 7.2.6 Loading frequencies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | 7.3 Controlled strain rate loading 7.3.1 Test method 7.3.2 Loading conditions 7.3.3 Strain amplitudes for direct tensile tests 7.3.3.1 Preliminary test 7.3.3.2 Strain amplitudes during the test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 76<\/td>\n | 7.3.3.3 Test loading times 8 Temperatures 9 Expression of results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | 10 Test report 10.1 Introduction 10.2 General 10.3 Information on specimens 10.4 Information on test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | 10.5 Information on the test and results 10.6 Optional information 11 Precision <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | Annex A (normative)Two point bending test on trapezoidal specimens (2PB-TR) or on prismatic specimens (2PB-PR) A.1 Principle A.2 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | A.3 Specimen preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 83<\/td>\n | A.4 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative)Three point bending test on prismatic specimens (3PB-PR) and four point bending test on prismatic specimens (4PB-PR) B.1 Principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 85<\/td>\n | B.2 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 86<\/td>\n | B.3 Specimen preparation B.3.1 Dimensions B.3.2 Sample manufacture <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | B.4 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative)Test applying indirect tension to cylindrical specimens (IT-CY) C.1 Principle C.2 Equipment C.2.1 General devices C.2.2 Test equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | C.3 Specimen preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | C.4 Mode of operation C.4.1 Mounting the specimen C.4.2 Stiffness measurement C.4.2.1 Conditioning load pulses C.4.2.2 Deformation measuring C.4.2.3 Calculation of the stiffness modulus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | C.4.2.4 Stiffness modulus of the specimen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 96<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative)Direct tension-compression test on cylindrical specimens (DTC-CY) D.1 Principle D.2 Equipment D.3 Specimen preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 98<\/td>\n | D.4 Mode of operation D.4.1 Stabilizing the specimen D.4.2 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 99<\/td>\n | Annex E (normative)Test applying direct tension to cylindrical specimens (DT-CY) or to prismatic specimens (DT-PR) E.1 Principle E.2 Equipment E.3 Specimen preparation E.3.1 Cylindrical specimen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | E.3.2 Prismatic specimen E.4 Mode of operation E.4.1 Stabilization of the specimen E.4.1.1 Temperature stabilization E.4.1.2 Preliminary mechanical stabilization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 101<\/td>\n | E.4.1.3 Mechanical stabilization between tests E.4.2 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 102<\/td>\n | E.5 Derivation of the master-curve – Isotherms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 103<\/td>\n | Annex F (normative)Test applying cyclic indirect tension to cylindrical specimens (CIT-CY) F.1 Principle F.2 Equipment F.2.1 Test machine F.2.2 Loading F.2.3 Displacement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 105<\/td>\n | F.2.4 Thermostatic chamber F.2.5 Recording and measuring system F.2.6 Loading strips F.3 Specimen preparation F.3.1 Test specimen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 106<\/td>\n | F.3.2 Specimen dimensions F.4 Mode of operation F.4.1 Test temperature F.4.2 Mounting the specimen F.4.3 Procedure F.4.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 107<\/td>\n | F.4.3.2 Load frequency F.4.3.3 Definition of the lower load level F.4.3.4 Definition of the upper load level F.4.4 Checking of specimen deterioration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 108<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative)Derivation of the master curve G.1 Principle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 109<\/td>\n | G.2 Theoretical background <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 110<\/td>\n | G.3 Experimental data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 111<\/td>\n | G.4 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tracked Changes. Bituminous mixtures. Test methods – Stiffness<\/b><\/p>\n |