| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | Blank Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 1 Scope <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 4.1 Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Tables Table 1 \u2013 Overview to the symbols and definitions of the QA terms, other than those for the display <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4.2 Abbreviated terms Table 2 \u2013 Overview of the symbols and definitions of the display QA terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 5 General recommendation 6 Environmental conditions Table 3 \u2013 Abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 7 Quality assurance levels 7.1 General Table 4 \u2013 Outline of tests by level <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 7.2 Level 1 tests 7.3 Level 2 tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 7.4 Level 3 tests 8 Equipment and data required 8.1 Phantoms and software 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Phantoms for Level 2 and Level 3 quality assurance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 8.1.3 Additional phantom specifications for Level 2 quality assurance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 8.1.4 Additional phantom specifications for Level 3 quality assurance and optional Level 2 tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 8.2 Image data 8.2.1 Digital-image data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Image-archiving systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8.3 Expectations of system suppliers 9 Level 1 test methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 10 Level 2 measurement methods 10.1 Mechanical inspection 10.2 Image uniformity for transducer element and channel integrity 10.2.1 General 10.2.2 Apparatus scanning procedures and system settings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 10.2.3 Image acquisition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 10.2.4 Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 10.3 Randomly distributed high-contrast sphere visualization 10.3.1 Methodology Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Median-averaged image (right) and its lateral profile (left) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2013 Examples of portable apparatus for moving the transducer: a) and c) in equal, chosen increments or b) at a known rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 10.3.2 Procedure Figure 3 \u2013 Example of visual estimation of the two defined depth zones in which spheres can be detected with two degrees of fidelity and clarity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 Additional examples of visual estimation of the depth Zone 1 and Zone 2, each of which represents a certain degree of fidelity and clarity (IEC 62791) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 10.3.3 Data recording 10.4 Image displays; system and interpretation; maximum relative depth of penetration; spatial resolution 10.5 Distance and other spatial measurements 11 Level 3 measurement methods 11.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 11.2 Maximum relative depth of penetration 11.2.1 Assessment 11.2.2 Scanning system settings <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 11.2.3 Image acquisition Figure 5 \u2013 Maximum relative depth of penetration \u2013 image acquisition <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 11.2.4 Analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 42<\/td>\n | 11.2.5 Commentary Figure 6 \u2013 Mean digitized image-data value versus depth for the phantom image data (A(j)) and for the noise-image data (A'(j)) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 11.3 System-image display 11.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 11.3.2 Level 1 tests of the US system and interpretation-station display Figure 7 \u2013 TG18-QA test pattern for visual evaluation testing [21],[33] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | 11.3.3 Level 2 and Level 3 display tests Figure 8 \u2013 Examples of TG18-LN luminance patterns for luminance measurements [21] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 TG270-ULN uniformity and luminance test pattern (TG270-ULN8-127 with background 8-bit grey level 127 is shown) [33] Table 5 \u2013 Ultrasound image display QA tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 11.4 Distance and other spatial measurements 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Apparatus and scanning system settings 11.4.3 Image acquisition 11.4.4 Analysis 11.5 Performance in clinical use and evaluation of QA programme <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Example phantoms for full coupling with curved arrays, particularly for image uniformity tests Figure A.1 \u2013 Example phantom for image-uniformity andmaximum relative depth of penetration tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Figure A.2 \u2013 Example compact phantom for image uniformity tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | Figure A.3 \u2013 Photograph and drawing of a three-in-one phantom which provides for determination of distance measurement precision and bias, image-uniformity, very-low-echo sphere visualization, and depth of penetration [39] <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | Figure A.4 \u2013 Two temporally stable, inexpensive phantoms for image uniformity tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Available analysis software B.1 Open source software for assessment or tracking of ultrasound image QA data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | Figure B.1 \u2013 Example of data analysis for the transducer evaluated to generate Figure 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | B.2 Example of QA control chart Table B.1 \u2013 Output of image uniformity analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | Figure B.2 \u2013 Control chart for a dip in the middle of the profile for one transducer (TD) model, C9-4 and the specified serial number (S\/N) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Electronic test methods and test methods provided by the manufacturers \u2013 Relation to clinical significance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Special considerations for 3D imaging transducers D.1 General D.2 2D transducers and 3D mechanically driven transducers operating in 2D imaging mode D.3 2D arrays operating in 3D imaging mode for determining LSNRmd values for reconstructed images as a function of depth or distance from the central plane D.4 Mechanically driven 3D transducers operating in 3D imaging mode <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Example workbook database for tracking high-contrast, low-echo sphere visibility and luminance of the display <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | Table E.1 \u2013 Transducer record and baseline high-contrast, low-echo-sphere visualization test data <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Table E.2 \u2013 Database of periodic sphere visualization results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Table E.3 \u2013 Completed short QA data entry example form for monitor luminance evaluation using test pattern \u2013 QA18 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | Table E.4 \u2013 Blank, short QA data entry evaluation form for monitor luminance using test pattern \u2013 QA18 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Table E.5 \u2013 Analysis of luminance measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | Figure E.1 \u2013 Current and previous measurements and trendlines providing luminance at various grey levels, fractional slope of luminance and deviation from DICOM GSDF in \u0394JND per grey level (IEC 62563-2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ultrasonics. Pulse-echo scanners. Simple methods for periodic testing to verify stability of an imaging system’s elementary performance<\/b><\/p>\n |