{"id":438861,"date":"2024-10-20T08:05:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T08:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-62786-412023\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T15:10:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T15:10:20","slug":"bsi-pd-iec-ts-62786-412023","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/bsi\/bsi-pd-iec-ts-62786-412023\/","title":{"rendered":"BSI PD IEC TS 62786-41:2023"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nundefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nCONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n1 Scope
2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n4 Performance description
4.1 General
4.2 Input energizing quantities
Tables
Table 1 \u2013 Performance characteristics presented in Clause 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n4.3 Delay time
4.3.1 Description
4.3.2 Reporting of delay time declaration
4.4 Effective resolution and accuracy
4.4.1 Description
Table 2 \u2013 Example of delay time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n4.4.2 Effective measurement resolution
4.4.3 Reporting of the frequency and ROCOF accuracy
4.5 Measuring range, operating range, and rejection of interfering signals
Table 3 \u2013 Example of measurement resolution and maximum absolute errorfor frequency and ROCOF measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nFigures
Figure 1 \u2013 Measuring range and operating range without interfering signals
Figure 2 \u2013 Measuring range and operating range in the presenceof interfering signals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\nTable 4 \u2013 Example of measuring range and operating range for frequencyand ROCOF measurements (taken from an actual instrument) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21<\/td>\n4.6 Timing characteristics
4.6.1 Reporting rate
4.6.2 Settling time
Table 5 \u2013 Example of reporting of settling time and reporting rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
22<\/td>\n5 Summary of typical performances associated with different use cases
Figure 3 \u2013 Settling time description with input signal added <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
23<\/td>\nTable 6 \u2013 List of use cases and associated requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n6 Description of functional test principles
6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n6.2 Test reference conditions
6.3 Verification of delay time for frequency and ROCOF measurement
6.3.1 Test description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n6.3.2 Example determination of delay time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nFigure 4 \u2013 Example of frequency delay time validation: measurementof delay time for a power frequency of 50 Hz
Figure 5 \u2013 Example of cross-correlations of the normalized frequencies and ROCOF <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n6.4 Verification of effective resolution for frequency and ROCOF measurement
6.4.1 Test description <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.4.2 Example determination of effective resolution
6.5 Verification of measurement and operating ranges
6.5.1 Verification of measurement and operating ranges under steady state conditions
Figure 6 \u2013 Example of frequency modulation used to determinefrequency effective resolution
Figure 7 \u2013 Example of frequency modulation usedto determine ROCOF effective resolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n6.5.2 Measuring and operating ranges under dynamic conditions
Figure 8 \u2013 Example of verification of measurement bandwidthunder steady state conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\n6.5.3 Verification of rejection of interfering interharmonics
Figure 9 \u2013 Example of verification of measuring and operating rangesunder dynamic conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nFigure 10 \u2013 Example of verification of rejection of interfering interharmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n6.5.4 Verification of rejection of harmonics
Table 7 \u2013 Input signal harmonic magnitudes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nFigure 11 \u2013 Waveforms with superimposed harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nFigure 12 \u2013 Three-phase harmonic test signals, 0\u00b0 and 180\u00b0 harmonic phases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n6.6 Verification of settling time
6.6.1 Test description
Figure 13 \u2013 Example of verification of rejection of harmonics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\n6.6.2 Verification of settling time for frequency measurement
6.6.3 Example of verification of frequency settling time
Figure 14 \u2013 Example of verification of frequency settling timeusing positive 1 Hz step in frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\n6.6.4 Verification of settling time for ROCOF measurement
6.6.5 Example of verification of ROCOF settling time
Figure 15 \u2013 Example of verification of frequency settling timeusing negative 1 Hz step in input frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n6.7 Type test report
Figure 16 \u2013 Example of verification of ROCOF settling timeusing positive 1 Hz\/s step in ROCOF
Figure 17 \u2013 Example of verification of ROCOF settling timeusing negative 1 Hz\/s step in ROCOF <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative)Measurement classes
Table A.1 \u2013 Measurement classes for frequency measurements
Table A.2 \u2013 Measurement classes for ROCOF measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative)Description of frequency or ROCOF measurement use cases
B.1 Use case “PLL in photovoltaic power generating systems”
B.1.1 Technical background of the use case
Figure B.1 \u2013 Example of a system diagram of a PV systemwith a three-phase DC to AC converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nB.1.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Figure B.2 \u2013 Example of system diagram of a three-phase PV system for voltage control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\nB.2 Use case “Primary reserve”
B.2.1 Technical background of the use case
B.2.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.1 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement of PLL in PV systems
Table B.2 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Primary reserve” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\nB.2.3 Example of “frequency-watt” function in photovoltaic power generating systems
Figure B.3 \u2013 Example of system diagram of PV system with frequency-watt function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nB.3 Use case “Secondary reserve \u2013 frequency measurement used for centralized control”
B.3.1 Technical background of the use case
B.3.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Figure B.4 \u2013 Application example of frequency-watt function for PV systems
Table B.3 \u2013 Example of requirements of frequency-Watt function of PV systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nB.4 Use case “Fast frequency-active power proportional controller with dead band”
B.4.1 Technical background of the use case
Table B.4 \u2013 Typical requirements for use case “Secondary reserve \u2013frequency measurement used for centralized control” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nB.4.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Figure B.5 \u2013 Example of fast frequency-active power proportional controller with dead band (LFSM-O and LFSM-U characteristics from European Grid Code) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\nB.5 Use case “Fast frequency response”
B.5.1 Technical background of the use case
B.5.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
B.6 Use case “Synthetic inertia”
B.6.1 Technical background of the use case
Table B.5 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013 use case “Fast frequencyactive power proportional controller with dead band”
Table B.6 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Fast frequency response” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nB.6.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
B.7 Use case “Passive anti-islanding detection”
B.7.1 Technical background of the use case
Table B.7 \u2013 Typcial requirements for ROCOF measurement \u2013use case “Synthetic inertia” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nB.7.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.8 \u2013 Set of typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Passive anti-islanding detection”
Table B.9 \u2013 Typical requirements for ROCOF measurement \u2013use case “Passive anti-islanding detection” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nB.8 Use case “Active anti-islanding detection”
B.8.1 Technical background of the use case
B.8.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.10 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Active anti-islanding detection” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
57<\/td>\nB.9 Use case “ROCOF measurement used for centralized control”
B.9.1 Technical background of the use case
B.9.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
B.10 Use case “Load control with active power management”
B.10.1 Technical background of the use case
B.10.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.11 \u2013 Typical requirements for ROCOF measurement \u2013use case “ROCOF measurement used for centralized control”
Table B.12 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Load control with active power management” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nB.11 Use case “Self-dispatchable loads” (microgrid applications)
B.11.1 Technical background of the use case
B.11.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.13 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Self-dispatchable loads” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nB.12 Use case “Under-frequency load shedding” (UFLS)
B.12.1 Technical background of the use case
B.12.2 Resulting requirements for measurement
Table B.14 \u2013 Typical requirements for frequency measurement \u2013use case “Under-frequency load shedding”
Table B.15 \u2013 Typical requirements for ROCOF measurement \u2013use case “Under-frequency load shedding” <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative)Summary of requirements expressed in standards and grid codes related to frequency and ROCOF measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
61<\/td>\nTable C.1 \u2013 Requirements expressed in standards and grid codes related to frequency and ROCOF measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
67<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative)Maximum ROCOF to be considered on power systems in case of incidents
D.1 General
D.2 UK
D.3 European continent
D.4 Islands <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative)Frequency and rotating vectors
Figure E.1 \u2013 Phasor representation of a power system signal, which has amplitude (a), angle (\u03a6) and angular velocity (\u03c9) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative)Synthetizing input signals with sudden frequency change without discontinuity in voltage waveform <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nFigure F.1 \u2013 Example of voltage waveform without discontinuity at to = 0,02 s <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nFigure F.2 \u2013 Example of voltage waveform with discontinuity at to = 0,02 s <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative)Step test equivalent time sampling technique
G.1 Overview
Figure G.1 \u2013 Example of reports during step response <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nG.2 Equivalent time sampling
Figure G.2 \u2013 Example of reports during step response with higher resolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nG.3 Determination of settling time using instrument errors
Figure G.3 \u2013 Example of reports during step response with higher resolution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative)Voltage and phase angle changes during transmission line faultsrelated to the type of transformer connection
H.1 Overview
H.2 Power line short circuit fault and protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nFigure H.1 \u2013 Voltage phase change by transmission line short circuit fault
Figure H.2 \u2013 Transmission line protection sequence and line voltage, frequency change <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
79<\/td>\nH.3 Voltage magnitude and phase angle change at line fault
H.3.1 General
H.3.2 Balanced-three-phase short circuit fault
H.3.3 Line-to-line short circuit fault
Figure H.3 \u2013 Voltage and phase angle change at three-phase short circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\nFigure H.4 \u2013 Relationship of voltage phase angle betweenYconnection side and \u0394connection side
Figure H.5 \u2013 Voltage magnitude and phase angle change at two-phase short circuit fault <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nH.4 Conclusion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nAnnex I (informative)Influencing factors and functional tests
I.1 Influencing factors
I.2 Functional tests
I.2.1 General
I.2.2 Phase step change
Table I.1 \u2013 Influencing factors of frequency and ROCOF measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nI.2.3 Magnitude step change
Figure I.1 \u2013 Frequency error response to +0,3 radianphase step followed by \u22120,3 radian step
Figure I.2 \u2013 ROCOF error response to +0,3 radianphase step followed by \u22120,3 radian step <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\nFigure I.3 \u2013 Frequency error response to magnitude step changes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nI.2.4 Combined magnitude and phase step change
Figure I.4 \u2013 ROCOF error response to steps in magnitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nFigure I.5 \u2013 Voltage vectors for test case a)
Table I.2 \u2013 Test case a) for combined magnitude and phase step change
Table I.3 \u2013 Test case b) for combined magnitude and phase step change <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
89<\/td>\nFigure I.6 \u2013 Voltage vectors for test case b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\nFigure I.7 \u2013 Frequency error responses to combined phase and magnitude steps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nI.2.5 Voltage magnitude drop and restoration
Figure I.8 \u2013 ROCOF error responses to combined phase and magnitude steps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nFigure I.9 \u2013 Representation of the input energizing quantity (voltage, RMS) injection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nFigure I.10 \u2013 Frequency response to voltage drop and restoration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nFigure I.11 \u2013 ROCOF response to voltage drop and restoration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nI.2.6 Noise <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nFigure I.12 \u2013 Frequency error absolute values from noise test scenarios a) and b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nI.2.7 Unbalanced input signal magnitude
Figure I.13 \u2013 ROCOF error absolute values from noise test scenarios a) and b)
Table I.4 \u2013 Magnitudes and phase angles for three phase voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nFigure I.14 \u2013 Frequency absolute error due to unbalanced input signal magnitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nI.2.8 Linear ramp of frequency
Figure I.15 \u2013 ROCOF absolute error due to unbalanced input signal magnitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nFigure I.16 \u2013 Frequency ramp test scenarios <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nFigure I.17 \u2013 Absolute frequency error during linear ramp of frequency test scenarios <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nFigure I.18 \u2013 Absolute ROCOF error during linear ramp of frequency test scenarios <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Distributed energy resources connection with the grid – Requirements for frequency measurement used to control distributed energy resources (DER) and loads<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BSI<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2023<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":438869,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[1276,2641],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-438861","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-91-140-50","7":"product_cat-bsi","9":"first","10":"instock","11":"sold-individually","12":"shipping-taxable","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/438861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/438869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=438861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=438861"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=438861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}