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ASME PTC 4 3 2017 R2022

ASME PTC 4 3 2017 R2022

$98.04

ASME PTC 40-2017 Flue Gas Desulfurization Units

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2017 269
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This Code provides procedures for the conduct and reporting of performance tests of flue gas desulfurization systems (FGDS). The application of this Code is limited to the process and equipment employed to remove sulfur dioxides from flue gas or other sulfur-dioxide-laden gas streams. The methodology described may be adapted for assessment of removal of other emissions if agreed to by the parties to the test. This Code does not apply to removal of sulfur oxides from gases during the combustion process.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
13 NOTICE
14 FOREWORD
15 COMMITTEE ROSTER
16 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC COMMITTEE
18 INTRODUCTION
20 Section 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
Tables
Table 1-3-1 Typical Test Uncertainties
21 Section 2 Definitions of Terms and Symbols
2-1 GENERAL
2-2 DEFINITIONS
24 2-3 CALCULATION ACRONYMS
25 2-3.1 Property Symbols
2-3.2 Function Symbols
2-3.3 Equipment, Stream, and Efficiency Symbols
26 2-3.4 Location, Area, Component, and Constituent Symbols
2-3.5 Correction Symbols
2-3.6 Computational Acronyms Used In Section 5 — Computation of Results
2-3.7 Uncertainty Acronyms Used in Section 5 — Computation of Results
2-3.8 General List of Symbols Used In Section 7
2-4 ABBREVIATIONS
27 2-5 ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE BOUNDARY FIGURES
2-5.1 Property Symbols
2-5.2 Equipment and Stream Symbols
2-5.3 Location Symbols
2-5.4 Correction/Design Symbols
2-5.5 Air Heater/Air Preheater Boundaries
2-5.6 Sequence
28 Figures
Fig. 2-3.4-1 Tubular/Plate Air Heater
29 Fig. 2-3.4-2 Basic Regenerative Air Heater
30 Fig. 2-3.4-3 Tri-Sector Air Heater
31 Fig. 2-3.4-4 Quad-Sector Air Heater
32 Fig. 2-3.4-5 Air Heater Using Intermediate Fluid
Fig. 2-3.4-6 Fluid-to-Air Air Heater Noncondensing Heating Fluid
33 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 INTRODUCTION
3-2 PREPARATION FOR THE TEST
34 3-2.1 Pretest Agreements
35 3-2.2 Pretest Uncertainty Analysis
3-2.3 Selection and Training of Test Personnel
3-2.4 Pretest Checkout
3-2.5 Pretest Traverse
3-2.6 Preliminary Run
3-3 METHOD OF OPERATION DURING TEST
3-3.1 Stability of Test Conditions
36 3-3.2 Duration of Runs
3-3.3 Adjustments During Test
3-3.4 Rejection of Runs
3-3.5 Number of Runs and Repeatability Criteria
3-3.6 Multiple Runs
37 3-4 COMPARING RESULTS WITH STANDARD OR DESIGN PERFORMANCE
3-5 MULTIPLE AIR HEATER CONFIGURATIONS
3-5.1 Multiple Air Heaters of the Same Design/Type
3-5.2 Multiple Air Heaters of Different Designs/Types
3-6 UNCERTAINTY
3-7 REFERENCES TO OTHER CODES AND STANDARDS
3-7.1 ASME Performance Test Codes
38 3-7.2 ASTM Standard Methods
3-7.3 GPA Standard
3-7.4 ISA Standard
39 Fig. 3-3.1-1 Illustration of Short-Term (Point-to-Point) Fluctuation and Long-Term Deviation
40 Fig. 3-3.5-1 Number of Runs and Repeatability Criteria
Table 3-2.1-1 Operating Parameter Deviations
41 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 INTRODUCTION
4-2 DATA REQUIRED
4-3 GRID
4-3.1 Measurement Location
42 4-3.2 Stratification
43 4-4 FLOW WEIGHTING
44 4-5 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
4-5.1 Thermocouples
45 4-5.2 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
4-5.3 RTDs
46 4-5.4 Systematic Uncertainty
4-5.5 Air and Flue Gas Measurements
47 4-5.6 Dry Bulb (Ambient) and Wet Bulb Temperature
4-5.7 Ice Bath Temperature
4-6 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
4-6.1 Pressure Reading Instruments
4-6.2 Systematic Uncertainty
48 4-6.3 Static Pressure
4-6.4 Velocity Pressure
49 4-6.5 Averaging of Fluctuating Pressure
4-6.6 Calculation of Velocity and Mass Flow From Velocity Pressure Measurements
52 4-7 FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-7.1 General
4-7.2 Air and Flue Gas
53 4-7.3 Liquid Fuel
4-7.4 Gaseous Fuel
4-7.5 Solid Fuel and Sorbent Flow
4-7.6 Residue Splits
54 4-8 O2 ANALYSIS
4-8.1 Electronic Analyzers
4-8.2 Chemical (Orsat)
4-8.3 Gas Sampling Techniques
4-8.3.1 Types of Samples.
4-8.3.2 Sampling Techniques.
55 4-8.3.3 Sample-Mixing Device.
4-8.3.4 Sampling Techniques.
4-8.4 Preparation Methods
57 4-9 HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT
4-9.1 General
4-9.2 Systematic Uncertainty for Humidity Measurement
4-9.3 Method of Measurement
4-10 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE SAMPLING
4-10.1 General
4-10.2 Method of Solid Fuel and Sorbent Sampling
58 4-10.3 Methods of Liquid or Gas Sampling
4-10.4 Residue Sampling
59 4-10.5 Systematic Uncertainty
4-10.6 Methods to Determine Average and Standard Deviation of the Mean
61 4-11 FUEL, SORBENT, AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS
4-11.1 General
4-11.2 Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel, Sorbent, and Residue Analysis
4-11.3 Methods of Fuel, Sorbent, and Residue Analysis
4-12 GENERAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
62 4-13 DETERMINATION OF SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY DUE TO MEASUREMENTS
63 Fig. 4-3.1.1-1 Sampling Grid — Rectangular Duct
65 Fig. 4-5.5-1 Examples of Nonrandom Failure Patterns
Fig. 4-10.2.1-1 Full Stream Cut Solid Sampling Process
66 Fig. 4-10.2.1-2 Typical “Thief” Probe for Solids Sampling in a Solids Stream
Table 4-5.5-1 Maximum Number of Sensor Failures
67 Table 4-6.6.23-1 Air and Flue Gas Viscosity Curve-Fit Coefficients, lbm/ft-sec
Table 4-8.3.4-1 Gas Sampling Techniques
Table 4-10.6.2-1 F Distribution
68 Table 4-13-1 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainty
72 Table 4-13-2 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Coal and Residue Properties
Table 4-13-3 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Limestone Properties
73 Table 4-13-4 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Fuel Oil Properties
Table 4-13-5 Potential Systematic Uncertainty for Natural Gas Properties
74 Section 5 Computation of Results
5-1 INTRODUCTION
5-2 MEASUREMENT DATA REDUCTION
5-2.1 Calibration Corrections
5-2.2 Outliers
75 5-2.3 Averaging Test Measurement Data
76 5-2.4 Random Uncertainty
78 5-3 COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
5-3.1 Fuel Properties
79 5-3.2 Sorbent and Other Additive Properties
81 5-3.3 MpUbC and MpCb — Unburned Carbon in Fuel and Carbon Burned, Percent Mass
82 5-3.4 Combustion Air Properties
86 5-3.5 Flue Gas Products
89 5-3.6 QrF — Fuel Input, Btu/hr W
92 5-4 AIR AND GAS MASS FLOW RATES
93 5-4.1 Multiple AHs of the Same Type
94 5-4.2 Multiple AHs of Different Types e.g., Primary and Secondary Air Heaters
95 5-5 FLUE GAS AIR HEATER CALCULATIONS
5-5.1 Performance Parameters
5-5.2 TMnA8 — Composite Entering Air Temperature
5-5.3 TMnA9 — Composite Leaving Air Temperature
96 5-5.4 TMnFg14 — Composite Entering Gas Temperature, deg. F deg. C
5-5.5 EFFg — Gas-Side Effectiveness
5-5.6 EFA — Air-Side Effectiveness
5-5.7 MpAl — Percent Air Heater Leakage
5-5.8 TFg15NL — Gas Temperature Excluding Leakage
97 5-5.9 Test X-Ratio
5-6 FLUE GAS AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE CORRECTED TO THE STANDARD OR DESIGN CONDITIONS
5-6.1 TFg15NLCr — Air Heater Exit Gas Temperature Excluding Leakage Corrected to Design Conditions
98 5-6.2 TA9Cr — Air Temperature Leaving the Air Heater, Corrected to Design Conditions
99 5-6.3 MpAlCr — Air Leakage Corrected for Deviation From Design Pressure Differential and From Design Entering Air Temperature
5-6.4 PDiFg14Fg15Cr — Gas-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Gas Mass Flow Rate and Temperature, in. wg Pa
100 5-6.5 PDiA8A9Cr — Air-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Air Mass Flow Rate and Temperature, in. wg Pa
5-7 UNCERTAINTY
5-7.1 Sensitivity Coefficients
101 5-7.2 Random Uncertainty and Degrees of Freedom
5-7.3 Random Component of Uncertainty
102 5-7.4 Systematic Uncertainty
103 5-7.5 Test Uncertainty
5-8 AIR PREHEATER COILS
5-8.1 Items to Be Measured
5-8.2 TA8Cr — Air Temperature Leaving the Air Heater, Corrected to Standard or Design Conditions
104 5-8.3 PDiA7A8Cr — Air-Side Pressure Differential Corrected for Deviation From Design Air Mass Flow Rate and Temperature
105 5-9 ENTHALPY/SPECIFIC HEAT OF AIR, FLUE GAS, WATER VAPOR, AND RESIDUE
5-9.1 Enthalpy of Air
5-9.2 Enthalpy of Flue Gas
106 5-10 ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS
5-10.1 Air Heater/Air Preheater Boundaries
5-10.2 Computational Acronyms Used in Section 5
5-10.3 Uncertainty Acronyms Used in Section 5
107 Table 5-7.5-1 Two-Tailed Student’s t Table for the 95% Confidence Level
Table 5-9-1 Enthalpy Curve Fit Coefficients, Btu/lbm
108 Table 5-10.2-1 Computational Acronyms
113 Table 5-10.3-1 Uncertainty Acronyms
114 Section 6 Report of Results
6-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6-2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6-3 INTRODUCTION
6-4 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
6-5 INSTRUMENTATION
115 6-6 CONCLUSIONS
6-7 APPENDICES
116 Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis
7-1 INTRODUCTION
7-1.1 Random Error
7-1.2 Systematic Error
7-2 UNCERTAINTY
7-2.1 Uncertainty Due to Random Error
7-2.2 Uncertainty Due to Systematic Error
117 7-3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
7-3.1 Benefits of Uncertainty Analysis
7-3.2 Uncertainty Analysis Principles
118 7-3.3 Averaging
7-4 PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING RANDOM UNCERTAINTY
7-4.1 Standard Deviation of Individual Parameters
121 7-4.2 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom of Intermediate Results
7-4.3 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom of Test Results
7-5 GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
122 7-5.1 General Rules
7-5.2 Systematic Uncertainties Due to Instrumentation
7-5.3 Systematic Uncertainty in Spatially Nonuniform Parameters
125 7-5.4 Systematic Uncertainty Due to Assumed Values for Unmeasured Parameters
7-5.5 Degrees of Freedom for Systematic Uncertainty Estimates
7-5.6 Systematic Uncertainty for Test Results
7-6 UNCERTAINTY OF TEST RESULTS
7-6.1 Propagation of Uncertainties
126 7-6.2 Combined Uncertainty of Calculated Result
7-7 GENERAL LIST OF SYMBOLS FOR SECTION 7
127 7-7.1 Subscripts
7-7.2 Superscript
128 Fig. 7-1-1 Types of Errors in Measurements
Fig. 7-1.1-1 Time Dependence of Errors
129 Table 7-5.3.2-1 Systematic Uncertainty Coefficients Due to Numerical Integration
130 MANDATORY APPENDIX I AIR HEATER EXIT GAS TEMPERATURE EXCLUDING LEAKAGE, TFg15NL
I-1 GENERAL
I-2 BI-SECTOR AIR HEATER
131 Fig. I-1-1 Ideal Air Heater — No Leakage
I-3 TRI-SECTOR AIR HEATER
132 Fig. I-2-1 Air Heater With Leakage
Fig. I-2-2 Air/Gas Flow Schematic — Air Heater With Leakage
133 Fig. I-3-1 Tri-Sector Air Heater
134 MANDATORY APPENDIX II SAMPLING SYSTEMS
II-1 PORTABLE PROBES POINT-TO-POINT SAMPLING
II-2 FIXED GRID SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
II-2.1 Fixed Grid — Composite Sampling
135 II-2.2 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Single Pump) Sampling
II-2.3 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Dual Pump) Sampling
136 II-2.4 Fixed Grid — Combination Sampling
137 Fig. II-2.1-1 Fixed Grid — Composite Setup
Fig. II-2.1-2 Boiler Testing Composite Gas Sample Flow Path
138 Fig. II-2.2-1 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Single Pump) Setup
Fig. II-2.3-1 Fixed Grid — Point-to-Point (Dual Pump) Setup
139 Fig. II-2.4-1 Fixed Grid — Combination Setup
140 MANDATORY APPENDIX III SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
III-1 THERMOMETER DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
III-1.1 Procedures When Not Correcting the Reading
III-1.2 Procedures When Correcting the Reading
141 III-2 THERMOCOUPLES AND RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICES DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
III-2.1 Combining Multiple Segments With Accuracy Checks
III-2.2 Combining Multiple Segments With Representative Accuracy Checks
142 III-2.3 Using Accuracy Check Data
III-2.3.1 Method 1 — Correct Each Reading At Each Point
III-2.3.1.1 Method 1 Procedure.
III-2.3.1.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
III-2.3.1.1.2 Averaging.
III-2.3.1.1.3 Combining.
III-2.3.1.1.4 Overall Uncertainty.
III-2.3.1.2 Method 1 Example.
143 III-2.3.1.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location.
145 III-2.3.1.2.2 Averaging.
III-2.3.1.2.3 Combining.
III-2.3.1.2.4 Overall Uncertainty.
III-2.3.2 Method 2 — Correct the Averaged Readings
III-2.3.2.1 Method 2 Procedure.
III-2.3.2.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
146 III-2.3.2.1.2 Averaging.
III-2.3.2.1.3 Combining.
III-2.3.2.1.4 Overall Uncertainty.
III-2.3.2.2 Method 2 Example.
III-2.3.2.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
148 III-2.3.2.2.2 Averaging.
III-2.3.2.2.3 Combining.
149 III-2.3.2.2.4 Overall Uncertainty.
III-2.3.3 Method 3 — Measured Values Are Not Corrected.
III-2.3.3.1 Method 3 Procedure
III-2.3.3.1.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
III-2.3.3.1.2 Combining.
III-2.3.3.1.3 Overall Uncertainty.
III-2.3.3.2 Method 3 Example.
150 III-2.3.3.2.1 Steps for Each Point at a Particular Location
151 III-2.3.3.2.2 Combining.
III-2.3.3.2.3 Overall Uncertainty.
152 Table III-1.1-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet — Uncorrected Reading
Table III-1.2-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet — Corrected Reading
153 Table III-2.3.1.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 1
Table III-2.3.1.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 1 (As-Left Calibration)
154 Table III-2.3.1.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 1 (Segment #1)
156 Table III-2.3.1.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration for Method 1 (Segment #2)
Table III-2.3.1.2.1-3 Calculation of Combined Corrections and Corrected Readings for Method 1 (Segment #2)
157 Table III-2.3.1.2.4-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 1 — Air/Gas Temperature
158 Table III-2.3.2.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 2
Table III-2.3.2.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 2 (As-Left Calibration)
159 Table III-2.3.2.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 2 (Segment #1)
160 Table III-2.3.2.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration forMethod 2 (Segment #2)
161 Table III-2.3.2.2.1-3 Calculation of Combined Corrections and Corrected Readings for Method 2 (Segment #2)
Table III-2.3.2.2.4-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 2 — Air/Gas Temperature
162 Table III-2.3.3.2-1 Representative Sensor Accuracy Check Results for Method 3
Table III-2.3.3.2-2 Electronics Pretest Accuracy Check Results for Method 3 (As-Left Calibration)
163 Table III-2.3.3.2.1-1 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Thermocouple Calibration for Method 3 (Segment #1)
164 Table III-2.3.3.2.1-2 Calculation of Systematic Uncertainty From Electronics Calibration for Method 3 (Segment #2)
Table III-2.3.3.2.3-1 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet for Method 3 — Air/Gas Temperature
165 MANDATORY APPENDIX IV SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS
IV-1 INTRODUCTION
IV-2 METHOD 1 — CORRECT INDIVIDUAL READINGS
IV-2.1 Procedure
IV-2.2 Example
167 IV-3 METHOD 2 — SINGLE CORRECTION FOR ALL DATA COLLECTED BETWEEN ACCURACY CHECKS
IV-3.1 Procedure
IV-3.1.1 Readings.
IV-3.1.2 Loop Systematic Uncertainties.
IV-3.1.3 Corrected Averages.
IV-3.1.4 Averages.
IV-3.1.5 Systematic Uncertainties.
IV-3.2 Example
169 IV-4 METHOD 3 — MEASURED VALUES NOT CORRECTED
IV-4.1 Procedure
IV-4.2 Example
171 Table IV-2.2-1 Data for Other Readings — O2 Example
174 Table IV-2.2-2 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 1
175 Table IV-3.2-1 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 2
Table IV-4.2-1 Estimate of Systematic Uncertainty for Method 3
176 MANDATORY APPENDIX V NONDIRECTIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL FLOW PROBES
V-1 INTRODUCTION
V-2 PITOT-STATIC TUBES
V-3 STAUSCHEIBE TUBE
V-4 THREE-HOLE FECHHEIMER
V-5 FIVE-HOLE FECHHEIMER
V-6 PROBE CALIBRATION
177 V-7 YAW AND PITCH
V-7.1 Instruments
V-7.2 Accuracy
V-7.3 Calibration
178 V-7.4 Number of Readings
V-7.5 Operation
V-8 CORRECTION OF TRAVERSE DATA
V-8.1 Guideline for Initial Estimation of Probe Coefficient
179 V-8.2 Correction for Probe Coefficient and Probe Blockage
180 Fig. V-2-1 Pitot-Static Probe
Fig. V-2-2 Pitot-Static Probe Head
181 Fig. V-3-1 Pitot–Stauscheibe Tube or “S” Type Pitot
182 Fig. V-4-1 Fechheimer Probe
183 Fig. V-5-1 Five-Hole Probe Tips
184 Fig. V-5-2 Prism Probe Cutaway
185 Fig. V-6-1 Free Stream Nozzle Jet
186 Fig. V-6-2 Wind Tunnel
187 Fig. V-6-3 Free Stream
188 Fig. V-7-1 Yaw and Pitch Planes
189 Fig. V-7-2 Yaw and PItch Convention
190 Fig. V-7-3 Five-Hole Probe
191 Fig. V-7.3-1 Pitch Angle, Phi, Versus Pitch Coefficient, C Phi
Fig. V-7.3-2 Velocity Pressure Coefficient, Kv, Versus Pitch Pressure Coefficient, C Phi
192 Fig. V-7.3-3 Total Pressure Coefficient, Kt, Versus Pitch Pressure Coefficient, C Phi
193 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A-1 INTRODUCTION
A-2 INPUT DATA SHEETS
A-3 INTEGRATED UNCERTAINTY INPUT SHEETS
A-4 OUTPUT — U.S. UNITS INPUT AND CALCULATION SHEET
A-5 COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS
A-6 CORRECTED AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE CALCULATION SHEETS
194 A-7 AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE UNCERTAINTY WORKSHEETS
195 Table A-2-1 Input Data Sheet 1
196 Table A-2-2 Input Data Sheet 2
197 Table A-2-3 Input Data Sheet 3
198 Table A-2-4 Input Data Sheet 4
199 Table A-3-1 Integrated Uncertainty Input Sheet 1
200 Table A-3-2 Integrated Uncertainty Input Sheet 2
201 Table A-3-3 Systematic Uncertainty Worksheet
202 Table A-4-1 Output — U.S. Units (Input and Calculation Sheet)
203 Table A-5-1 Combustion and Efficiency Calculations
205 Table A-6-1 Corrected Air Heater Performance Calculation Sheet
208 Table A-7-1 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: A
209 Table A-7-2 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: B
210 Table A-7-3 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: C
211 Table A-7-4 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: D
212 Table A-7-5 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: E
213 Table A-7-6 Air Heater Performance Uncertainty Worksheets: F
214 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B DERIVATION OF EQUATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION
B-1 AVERAGE VALUES OF TEMPERATURES AND GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN DUCTS, AND THE NEED FOR FLOW WEIGHTING
217 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE MODEL BASED ON KNOWN SET OF CONDITIONS
C-1 DESCRIPTION
C-2 INPUTS
218 C-3 CORRECTION CURVES FOR OFF-DESIGN X-RATIO AND FLUE GAS MASS FLOW RATE
219 Fig. C-2-1 Example Visual Basic Computer Code to Calculate Air Heater Performance at Revised Boundary Conditions When Performance at a Base Set of Conditions Is Known
222 Fig. C-3-1 Example Visual Basic Computer Code to Generate Correction Curves
223 Table C-2-1 Acronyms
224 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D LEAK-CHECKING SAMPLING SYSTEMS
225 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E ELECTRONIC OXYGEN ANALYZERS
E-1 ELECTROCHEMICAL
E-1.1 Sample Condition
E-1.1.1 Flow.
E-1.1.2 Moisture.
E-1.1.3 Cleanliness.
E-1.1.4 Temperature.
E-1.1.5 Pressure.
E-1.2 Calibration
E-1.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy
E-1.3.1 Ambient Temperature.
226 E-1.3.2 Ambient Humidity.
E-1.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample.
E-1.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring.
E-1.3.5 Shock and Vibration.
E-1.3.6 Warm-Up Time.
E-1.3.7 Human Factors.
E-1.3.8 Radiant Heat.
E-1.3.9 Other.
E-1.4 Typical Systematic Uncertainty Values
E-2 ELECTRONIC — PARAMAGNETIC
E-2.1 Sample Condition
E-2.1.1 Flow.
E-2.1.2 Moisture.
E-2.1.3 Cleanliness.
E-2.1.4 Temperature.
227 E-2.1.5 Pressure.
E-2.2 Calibration
E-2.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy
E-2.3.1 Ambient Temperature.
E-2.3.2 Ambient Humidity.
E-2.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample.
E-2.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring.
E-2.3.5 Shock and Vibration.
E-2.3.6 Warm-Up Time.
E-2.3.7 Human Factors.
E-2.3.8 Radiant Heat.
E-2.3.9 Other.
E-2.4 Instrument Systematic Uncertainty Values
E-3 ELECTRONIC — ZIRCONIA
228 E-3.1 Sample and Reference Gas Condition
E-3.1.1 Flow.
E-3.1.2 Moisture.
E-3.1.3 Cleanliness.
E-3.1.4 Temperature.
E-3.1.5 Pressure.
E-3.2 Calibration
E-3.3 External Factors Affecting Operation and Accuracy
E-3.3.1 Ambient Temperature.
E-3.3.2 Ambient Humidity.
E-3.3.3 Influence of Other Gases in Sample.
229 E-3.3.4 Chemical Agents Expiring.
E-3.3.5 Shock and Vibration.
E-3.3.6 Warm-Up Time.
E-3.3.7 Human Factors.
E-3.3.8 Radiant Heat.
E-3.3.9 Other.
E-3.4 Instrument Systematic Uncertainty Values
E-4 ELECTRONIC ANALYZER CALIBRATION, INSTRUMENT SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY, AND RAW DATA ADJUSTMENT
E-4.1 Frequency
E-4.2 Calibration Gases
E-4.3 Calibration Gas Concentrations
230 E-4.4 Calculation Methodology
231 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F CHEMICAL (ORSAT) FLUE GAS ANALYSIS
F-1 INTRODUCTION
F-2 SAMPLE CONDITION
F-2.1 Flow/Quantity
F-2.2 Moisture
F-2.3 Cleanliness
F-2.4 Temperature
F-2.5 Pressure
F-3 ORSAT PREPARATION
F-4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
232 F-5 PRECAUTIONS
F-6 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS
F-7 SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
233 Fig. F-1-1 Standard Orsat
234 Fig. F-4-1 Dry Flue Gas Volumetric Combustion Chart
235 Fig. F-6-1 Using Compressed Air to Move the Sample
236 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX G INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED IN AN RFP
247 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX H INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED AS PART OF THE CONTRACT
248 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX J ROUTINE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING
J-1 ROUTINE TESTING
J-1.1 Reasons for Conducting Routine Air Heater Performance Tests
J-1.2 Scope
J-1.2.1 Leakage.
J-1.2.2 Gas-Side Effectiveness and No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature.
249 J-1.2.3 X-Ratio.
J-1.2.4 Comparison of Required Parameters.
J-1.3 Frequency of Runs
J-1.4 Unit Conditions
J-1.5 Approximate Equations for Percent Leakage
J-1.5.1 Definitions of Symbols
J-1.5.2 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent O2, by Volume on a Dry Basis.
250 J-1.5.3 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent O2, by Volume on a Wet Basis.
J-1.5.4 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent CO2, by Volume on a Dry Basis.
J-1.5.5 Approximate Percent Leakage, Using Percent CO2, by Volume on a Wet Basis.
251 J-1.6 Other Simplifications for Routine Testing
J-2 PERFORMANCE MONITORING
J-2.1 Leakage, Corrected to Reference Inlet Air Temperature and, if Measured, Air-to-Gas Pressure Differential
255 J-2.2 Draft Loss Air and/or Gas, Corrected to Reference Fan Flow and Fan Inlet Temperature
257 J-2.3 No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature, Corrected to Reference Inlet Air Temperature and Reference Inlet Gas Temperature
J-2.3.1 Corrections.
J-2.3.2 Impact of Change in No-Leakage Exit Gas Temperature.
258 J-2.4 Deviation From Standard or Design Gas-Side Effectiveness
J-2.4.1 Calculating the Gas-Side Effectiveness.
J-2.4.2 Impact.
J-2.5 X-Ratio
J-2.5.1 Change in Calculated Value.
J-2.5.2 Impact of Change in X-Ratio.
259 J-2.6 Temperature Drop From Air Heater Outlet to Downstream of Cold-Air Bypass Junction
J-2.7 Temperature Rise of Inlet Air Due to Hot-Air Recirculation
J-2.8 Temperature Spread Between Multiple Thermocouples in a Single Air/Gas Duct
J-3 FAULT TREE
260 Table J-1.2.4-1 Required Parameters for Routine Testing of Bi-Sector Air Heaters
Table J-1.2.4-2 Required Parameters for Routine Testing of Tri-Sector Air Heaters
261 Table J-1.2.4-3 Parameters Required for Exit Flue Gas Temperature Evaluation
262 Table J-1.2.4-4 Parameters Required for Air Leakage Evaluation Based on Measured O2
Table J-1.2.4-5 Parameters Required for Air/Flue Gas Pressure Drop Evaluation
263 Table J-1.2.4-6 Parameters Required for Fuel, Air, and Flue Gas Flow Rate Evaluation
Table J-1.5.3-1 Oxygen Content, by Volume, of Wet Air Versus Humidity Ratio
264 Table J-3-1 Fault Tree for High Exit-Gas Temperature

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