ASME PVHO 1 2019
$98.04
ASME PVHO-1-2019 Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ASME | 2019 | 197 |
This Standard provides requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, marking, and stamping of pressure vessels for human occupancy, having an internal or external pressure differential exceeding 2 psi. This Standard also provides requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, cleaning, and certification of piping systems for PVHOs. A PVHO is a pressure vessel that encloses a human being within its pressure boundary while it is under internal or external pressure that exceeds a 2 psi differential pressure. PVHOs include, but are not limited to, submersibles, diving bells, personnel transfer capsules, decompression chambers, recompression chambers, hyperbaric chambers, high altitude chambers, and medical hyperbaric oxygenation facilities. This does not include nuclear reactor containments, pressurized airplane and aerospace vehicle cabins, and caissons.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 9 | FOREWORD |
| 10 | COMMITTEE ROSTER |
| 13 | CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PVHO COMMITTEE |
| 15 | ASME PVHO-1–2019 SUMMARY OF CHANGES |
| 18 | Section 1 General Requirements 1-1 INTRODUCTION 1-2 SCOPE 1-2.1 Application 1-2.2 Geometry 1-2.3 Limitations 1-3 EXCLUSIONS 1-4 USER REQUIREMENTS 1-5 MANUFACTURER’S DATA REPORT |
| 19 | 1-6 MATERIALS 1-7 DESIGN AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS 1-7.1 Joint Design |
| 20 | 1-7.2 Welding 1-7.3 Nondestructive Testing 1-7.4 Electrical Outfitting 1-7.5 Viewports 1-7.6 Penetrations 1-7.7 Inspection 1-7.8 Testing |
| 21 | 1-7.9 Documentation 1-7.10 Piping 1-7.11 Opening Reinforcements 1-7.12 Brazed or Riveted Construction 1-7.13 Alternative Design Rules for External Pressure Vessels |
| 25 | 1-7.14 Hatch Design 1-7.15 Rectangular Door Design |
| 26 | 1-7.16 Supports and Attachments 1-8 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES 1-9 MARKING 1-10 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS AND TOXICITY OFF-GAS TESTING |
| 27 | 1-11 RISK ANALYSIS 1-12 LITHIUM BATTERIES 1-12.1 Scope 1-12.2 Exclusions 1-12.3 Certification |
| 28 | 1-12.4 Installation 1-12.5 Battery Housings 1-12.6 Battery Management System (BMS) for Rechargeable Batteries 1-12.7 Protection for Nonrechargeable Batteries 1-12.8 Testing |
| 29 | 1-12.9 Charging 1-12.10 Replacement 1-12.11 Manuals and Records 1-13 AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND SOFTWARE SAFETY 1-14 OPERATIONAL PRESSURE CYCLE |
| 30 | Forms PVHO-1 Form GR-1 Manufacturer’s Data Report for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy |
| 31 | PVHO-1 Form GR-1S Manufacturer’s Data Report Supplemantary Sheet |
| 32 | Figures Figure 1-7.13.1-1 Geometry of Cylinders |
| 33 | Figure 1-7.13.1-2 Stiffener Geometry Figure 1-7.13.1-3 Sections Through Rings |
| 34 | Figure 1-7.13.5-1 Values of t/Ro and Lc/Ro |
| 35 | Figure 1-9-1 Form of Nameplate, U.S. Customary Units Figure 1-9-2 Form of Nameplate, SI Units Tables Table 1-10-1 Conversion Factor, Fp (for PVHO Occupation Exceeding 8 hr) |
| 36 | Section 2 Viewports 2-1 GENERAL 2-1.1 Scope 2-1.2 Exclusions 2-1.3 Certification 2-2 DESIGN 2-2.1 General |
| 37 | 2-2.2 Standard Window Geometry 2-2.3 Determination of Dimensions for Standard-Geometry Windows 2-2.4 Determination of Conversion Factor by Table Method 2-2.5 Determination of Short-Term Critical Pressure |
| 38 | 2-2.6 Nonstandard Window Geometries and Standard Window Geometries With Lower Conversion Factors |
| 40 | 2-2.7 Design Life |
| 41 | 2-2.8 Temperature and Dimensional Criteria 2-2.9 Viewport Flanges |
| 42 | 2-2.10 Window Seats 2-2.11 Window Seals |
| 43 | 2-2.12 Dimensional Tolerances and Surface Finish |
| 44 | 2-2.13 Documentation |
| 45 | 2-2.14 Windows With Inserts for Penetrators |
| 47 | 2-3 MATERIAL 2-3.1 Material Restrictions 2-3.2 Laminated Sheets 2-3.3 Acrylic Bonding 2-3.4 Acrylic Requirements 2-3.5 Acrylic Form |
| 48 | 2-3.6 Material Property Tests 2-3.7 Properties Test Specifications |
| 49 | 2-3.8 Testing for Residual Monomer 2-3.9 Windows Greater Than 6 in. Thick 2-3.10 Bond Testing 2-3.11 Low Ultraviolet (UV) Cast Acrylic Cylinders |
| 50 | 2-4 FABRICATION 2-4.1 Responsibilities and Duties for Window Fabricators 2-4.2 Quality Assurance and Marking 2-4.3 Use of Solvent 2-4.4 Identification 2-4.5 Annealing 2-4.6 Polishing 2-4.7 Inspection 2-5 INSPECTION 2-5.1 General 2-5.2 Inspection Temperature and Orientation 2-5.3 Surface Scratches |
| 51 | 2-5.4 Inclusion Inspection 2-5.5 Scratch Characterizations |
| 52 | 2-5.6 Repairs 2-5.7 Inspection Report 2-6 MARKING 2-6.1 Marking Location, Configurations 2-6.2 Certification Completion 2-6.3 Marking Restrictions 2-6.4 Additional Marking 2-6.5 Marking Certification Retention |
| 53 | 2-7 PRESSURE TESTING 2-7.1 Frequency 2-7.2 Test Configuration 2-7.3 Test Duration 2-7.4 Test Temperature 2-7.5 Window Leakage 2-7.6 Post-Test Inspection 2-7.7 Rejection Criteria 2-7.8 Alternate Test Procedure 2-7.9 Reporting Requirements 2-7.10 Records Retention 2-8 INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS IN CHAMBERS 2-8.1 Cleaning |
| 54 | 2-8.2 Lubrication 2-8.3 Assembly 2-9 REPAIR OF DAMAGED WINDOWS PRIOR TO BEING PLACED IN SERVICE 2-9.1 General 2-9.2 Damaged Window Criteria 2-9.3 Dimensional Assessment 2-9.4 Damage Severity Determination 2-9.5 Slightly Damaged Windows 2-9.6 Repairs of Slightly Damaged Windows 2-9.7 Repair of Severely Damaged Windows |
| 55 | 2-9.8 Repair of Spherical Window by Spot Casting 2-10 GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 2 2-10.1 Introduction 2-10.2 Sample Design Procedures |
| 56 | 2-10.3 Sample Purchase Specification and Product Reviews 2-10.4 Sample Pressure Test Instructions 2-10.5 Sample Calculations |
| 58 | PVHO-1 Form VP-1 Fabrication Certification for Acrylic Windows |
| 59 | PVHO-1 Form VP-2 Acrylic Window Design Certification |
| 60 | Figure 2-2.2.1-1 Standard Window Geometries — Part 1 |
| 61 | Figure 2-2.2.1-2 Standard Window Geometries — Part 2 |
| 62 | Figure 2-2.2.1-3 Standard Window Geometries — Part 3 |
| 63 | Figure 2-2.2.1-4 Standard Window Geometries — Part 4 Table 2-2.3.1-1 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Flat Disk Windows |
| 64 | Table 2-2.3.1-2 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Conical Frustum Windows and Double-Beveled Disk Windows Table 2-2.3.1-3 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Conical Edge, Hyperhemispherical Windows With Conical Edge, and NEMO-Type Windows With Conical Edge |
| 65 | Table 2-2.3.1-4 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Spherical Sector Windows With Square Edge and Hemispherical Windows With Equatorial Flange Table 2-2.3.1-5 Conversion Factors for Acrylic Cylindrical Windows |
| 66 | Figure 2-2.5.1-1 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows — Part 1 Table 2-2.3.2-1 Conical Frustum Windows for Design Pressures in Excess of 10,000 psi (69 MPa) |
| 67 | Figure 2-2.5.1-2 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows — Part 2 |
| 68 | Figure 2-2.5.1-3 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Flat Disk Acrylic Windows — Part 3 |
| 69 | Figure 2-2.5.1-4 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows — Part 1 |
| 70 | Figure 2-2.5.1-5 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Conical Frustum Acrylic Windows — Part 2 |
| 71 | Figure 2-2.5.1-6 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows — Part 1 |
| 72 | Figure 2-2.5.1-7 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Spherical Sector Acrylic Windows — Part 2 |
| 73 | Figure 2-2.5.1-8 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally — Part 1 |
| 74 | Figure 2-2.5.1-9 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Internally — Part 2 |
| 75 | Figure 2-2.5.1-10 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Pressurized Externally |
| 76 | Figure 2-2.5.1-11 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure — Part 1 |
| 77 | Figure 2-2.5.1-12 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure — Part 2 |
| 78 | Figure 2-2.5.1-13 Short-Term Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Acrylic Windows Between Supports Under External Hydrostatic Pressure — Part 3 |
| 79 | Figure 2-2.5.1-14 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO-Type Acrylic Windows — Part 1 |
| 80 | Figure 2-2.5.1-15 Short-Term Critical Pressure of Hyperhemispherical and NEMO-Type Acrylic Windows — Part 2 |
| 81 | Figure 2-2.10.1-1 Seat Cavity Requirements — Conical Frustum Window, Spherical Sector Window With Conical Edge, and Flat Disk Window |
| 82 | Figure 2-2.10.1-2 Seat Cavity Requirements — Double-Beveled Disk Window |
| 83 | Figure 2-2.10.1-3 Seat Cavity Requirements — Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge |
| 84 | Figure 2-2.10.1-4 Seat Cavity Requirements — Hemispherical Window With Equatorial Flange |
| 85 | Figure 2-2.10.1-5 Seat Cavity Requirements — Cylindrical Window |
| 86 | Figure 2-2.10.1-6 Seat Cavity Requirements — Hyperhemispherical Window |
| 87 | Figure 2-2.10.1-7 Seat Cavity Requirements — NEMO Window (Standard Seat) |
| 88 | Figure 2-2.10.1-8 Seat Cavity Requirements — NEMO Window (Seat With Extended Cyclic Fatigue Life) |
| 89 | Figure 2-2.11.10-1 Bevels on Window Edges — Flat Disk Windows, Conical Frustum Windows, Spherical Sector Windows, Hyperhemispheres |
| 90 | Figure 2-2.11.10-2 Bevels on Window Edges — Flanged Hemispherical Window, Spherical Sector Window With Square Edge, External Pressure and Internal Pressure of Cylindrical Windows |
| 91 | Figure 2-2.11.11-1 Acceptable Configurations for Clear Viewport Retaining Covers |
| 92 | Figure 2-2.14.11-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Penetrations in Acrylic Windows |
| 93 | Table 2-2.14.13-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Polycarbonate Plastic Table 2-2.14.13-2 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Cast Nylon Plastic |
| 94 | Figure 2-2.14.15-1 Dimensional Tolerances for Inserts in Acrylic Windows |
| 95 | Figure 2-2.14.16-1 Typical Shapes of Inserts |
| 96 | Figure 2-2.14.22-1 Seal Configurations for Inserts in Acrylic Windows |
| 97 | Figure 2-2.14.24-1 Restraints for Inserts in Acrylic Windows |
| 98 | Table 2-3.4-1 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Lot |
| 99 | PVHO-1 Form VP-3 Material Manufacturer’s Certification for Acrylic |
| 100 | Table 2-3.4-2 Specified Values of Physical Properties for Each Casting |
| 101 | PVHO-1 Form VP-4 Material Testing Certification for Acrylic |
| 102 | Table 2-4.5-1 Annealing Schedule for Acrylic Windows |
| 103 | PVHO-1 Form VP-5 Pressure Testing Certification |
| 104 | PVHO-1 Form VP-6 Acrylic Window Repair Certification |
| 105 | Section 3 Quality Assurance for PVHO Manufacturers 3-1 GENERAL 3-1.1 Scope 3-1.2 Quality Assurance System Verification 3-2 RESPONSIBILITIES 3-2.1 Compliance With This Standard 3-2.2 Documentation of the Quality Assurance Program 3-2.3 Certification 3-2.4 Right of Access 3-2.5 Records |
| 106 | Section 4 Piping Systems 4-1 GENERAL 4-1.1 Scope 4-1.2 Design and Fabrication 4-2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 4-2.1 Acceptable Materials |
| 107 | 4-2.2 Limitations on Materials 4-2.3 Lubricants and Sealants 4-2.4 Nonmetallic Materials |
| 108 | 4-3 DESIGN OF COMPONENTS 4-3.1 Straight Piping Under External Pressure 4-3.2 Straight Piping Under Internal Pressure |
| 109 | 4-3.3 Bending of Pipe and Tube 4-3.4 Stress Analysis of Piping Components 4-3.5 Pressure Design of Fabricated Joints and Intersections 4-3.6 Pressure Design of Bolted Flanges and Blanks 4-3.7 Design of Penetrations Through the Pressure Boundaries of PVHOs 4-4 SELECTION AND LIMITATIONS OF PIPING COMPONENTS 4-4.1 Pressure Requirements 4-4.2 Valves |
| 110 | 4-4.3 Filters 4-4.4 Mufflers 4-5 SELECTION AND LIMITATIONS OF PIPING JOINTS 4-5.1 Welded Joints 4-5.2 Brazed Joints 4-5.3 Mechanical Joints 4-5.4 Threaded Joints |
| 111 | 4-5.5 Joints and Fittings in Tubes 4-6 SUPPORTS 4-7 INSPECTION 4-7.1 Inspection of Welded Joints 4-7.2 Inspection of Brazed Joints |
| 112 | 4-8 TESTING 4-8.1 Hydrostatic Tests 4-8.2 Pneumatic Tests 4-8.3 Leak Testing 4-9 SYSTEMS |
| 113 | 4-9.1 System Design Requirements 4-9.2 Pressurization and Depressurization Systems 4-9.3 Pressure Boundary Valve Requirements |
| 114 | 4-9.4 Depth Gauges 4-9.5 Pressure Gauges Other Than Depth Gauges 4-9.6 Breathing Gas Systems 4-9.7 Pressure Control Valves |
| 115 | 4-9.8 Pressure Relief Requirements |
| 116 | 4-9.9 Color Coding 4-9.10 Labeling 4-9.11 Soft Goods 4-9.12 Lubricants and Sealants 4-9.13 Cleaning Requirements |
| 117 | 4-9.14 Off-Gassing Test for Hoses Used for Breathing Gas Service |
| 118 | Table 4-2.1.1-1 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Seamless Pipe and Tube Materials Not Listed in Nonmandatory Appendix A of ASME B31.1 Table 4-7.1-1 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds in Piping Systems for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy |
| 119 | Figure 4-9.14.2-1 Flow Diagram of Apparatus for Measuring the Concentration of Hydrocarbons in a Stream of Air or Other Gas After It Has Passed Through a Test Hose Table 4-9.14.2-1 Maximum Allowable Concentration of Hydrocarbons in Air Passing Through Hose |
| 120 | Section 5 Medical Hyperbaric Systems 5-1 GENERAL 5-1.1 Scope 5-1.2 User’s Design Specification 5-1.3 Documentation 5-1.4 Viewports 5-1.5 Quick-Actuating Closures 5-1.6 Personnel Entry Lock 5-1.7 Penetrations 5-1.8 Personnel Egress |
| 121 | 5-1.9 Medical-Use PVHO Certifications 5-2 PVHO SYSTEM DESIGN 5-3 GAS SYSTEMS 5-3.1 Gas Storage Requirements 5-3.2 Breathing Devices 5-3.3 Breathing Gas Outlets 5-4 CONTROL SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION 5-4.1 Controls Location 5-4.2 Communications 5-5 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 5-5.1 Environmental Conditions 5-5.2 Temperature 5-5.3 Humidity 5-5.4 Contaminants 5-5.5 Lighting |
| 122 | 5-5.6 External Heat Sources 5-5.7 Access to Emergency Equipment 5-5.8 Suction Systems 5-5.9 Accidental Depressurization |
| 123 | Section 6 Diving Systems 6-1 GENERAL 6-1.1 Scope 6-1.2 User’s Design Specification 6-1.3 Design Certification 6-1.4 Documentation |
| 124 | 6-1.5 Useful References 6-2 DESIGN 6-2.1 General 6-2.2 Design Loads 6-2.3 Environmental Requirements 6-2.4 Corrosion 6-2.5 External Pressure Rating 6-2.6 Impact Protection 6-2.7 Buoyancy 6-2.8 Occupant Requirements |
| 125 | 6-2.9 Lubricants and Sealants 6-2.10 Material Toxicity (Including Paints) 6-2.11 Emergency Recovery of Diving Bells 6-3 PRESSURE BOUNDARY 6-3.1 Personnel Access Doors/Hatches |
| 126 | 6-3.2 Medical/Service Locks 6-3.3 Closures 6-3.4 Quick-Acting Closures for Diving Bells and Hyperbaric Evacuation Systems 6-3.5 Trunks and Tunnels |
| 127 | 6-3.6 Viewports 6-3.7 Lighting Devices 6-3.8 Service Penetrators 6-3.9 Electrical Penetrators 6-3.10 Fiber-Optic Penetrators 6-4 SYSTEMS 6-4.1 Life-Support Systems |
| 129 | 6-4.2 Sanitary Systems 6-4.3 Electrical Systems |
| 131 | 6-4.4 Lighting Systems 6-4.5 Communication Systems 6-4.6 Fire Protection and Detection Systems 6-5 HANDLING SYSTEMS 6-5.1 General 6-5.2 Design |
| 132 | 6-5.3 Test and Trials 6-6 HYPERBARIC EVACUATION SYSTEMS 6-6.1 General 6-6.2 Hyperbaric Evacuation Unit User Requirements |
| 133 | 6-6.3 Life-Support Package (LSP) |
| 134 | 6-6.4 Hyperbaric Evacuation Launch Systems 6-7 TESTING AND TRIALS 6-7.1 System Pressure Tests 6-7.2 System Functional Tests |
| 135 | Figure 6-6.2.2-1 Placement and Design of Markings for Hyperbaric Evacuation Units Designed to Float in Water Figure 6-6.2.2-2 Markings for Hyperbaric Evacuation Units Designed to Float in Water |
| 136 | Section 7 Submersibles 7-1 GENERAL 7-1.1 Scope 7-1.2 General Requirements 7-1.3 User’s Design Specification 7-1.4 Design Certification 7-1.5 Documentation |
| 137 | 7-1.6 Operations Manual 7-2 PRESSURE BOUNDARY 7-2.1 General 7-2.2 Hatches 7-2.3 Viewports 7-2.4 Penetrators |
| 138 | 7-3 PIPING 7-3.1 Exceptions and Alternatives 7-3.2 Internal and External Pressures 7-3.3 Ambient Pressure 7-3.4 Inaccessible Spaces 7-3.5 Hull Valves 7-3.6 Plug Valves 7-3.7 Pressure Containers 7-4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 7-4.1 General |
| 139 | 7-4.2 Power Supplies 7-4.3 Electrical Cables 7-4.4 Battery Compartments 7-4.5 Emergency Lighting 7-5 LIFE SUPPORT 7-5.1 General 7-5.2 Main Life Support 7-5.3 Emergency Life Support |
| 140 | 7-5.4 Consumption Rates 7-5.5 Oxygen Systems and Storage 7-5.6 Monitoring 7-6 FIRE PROTECTION 7-6.1 Materials 7-6.2 Toxicity 7-6.3 Smoke Detectors 7-6.4 Extinguishers 7-7 NAVIGATION 7-7.1 General 7-7.2 Propulsion 7-7.3 Depth Gauges 7-7.4 Depth Alarm |
| 141 | 7-7.5 Obstacle Avoidance 7-7.6 Surfaced Detection 7-7.7 Submerged Detection 7-8 COMMUNICATIONS 7-8.1 General 7-8.2 VHF Radio 7-8.3 Underwater Telephone (UWT) 7-8.4 Pinger 7-9 INSTRUMENTATION 7-9.1 General 7-9.2 Water Intrusion 7-9.3 Power Levels 7-9.4 Voltage and Current Meters 7-9.5 Ground Faults 7-9.6 Ballast Water 7-10 BUOYANCY, STABILITY, EMERGENCY ASCENT, AND ENTANGLEMENT 7-10.1 General 7-10.2 Underwater Operation |
| 142 | 7-10.3 Surfacing 7-10.4 Jettisoning System 7-10.5 Entanglement 7-11 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 7-11.1 Life Jackets 7-11.2 First Aid Kit 7-11.3 Thermal Protection 7-11.4 Rations 7-11.5 Tow Point |
| 143 | MANDATORY APPENDICES MANDATORY APPENDIX I REFERENCE CODES, STANDARDS, AND SPECIFICATIONS |
| 145 | MANDATORY APPENDIX II DEFINITIONS |
| 151 | NONMANDATORY APPENDICES NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A DESIGN OF SUPPORTS AND LIFTING ATTACHMENTS |
| 152 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF THROUGH-PRESSURE BOUNDARY PENETRATIONS |
| 153 | Figure B-2-1 Acceptable Weld Nozzle Penetrators |
| 154 | Figure B-3-1 Acceptable Threads and Inserts |
| 155 | Table C-1 U.S. Navy Color Codes Table C-2 IMO Color Codes NONMANDATORY APPENDIX C RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR COLOR CODING AND LABELING |
| 156 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX D GUIDELINES FOR THE SUBMISSION OF A CASE FOR THE USE OF NONSTANDARD DESIGNS, MATERIALS, AND CONSTRUCTION FOR NON-FLEXIBLE PVHO CHAMBER FABRICATION |
| 162 | Table D-7.1-1 Tabulated Data for Performance of “W-Test” for Normality of Data Set |
| 163 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX E GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A PERFORMANCE-BASED CASE FOR FLEXIBLE PVHO CHAMBERS AND SYSTEMS |
| 176 | Table E-1.1-1 Compliance Matrix for ASME PVHO-1 Cases |
| 190 | Figure E-3.3.1-1 Cook’s Diagram: Atmosphere of Increased Burning Rate |
| 191 | Figure E-5.2.2.1-1 Number of Test Samples Required for Alternate Creep Test Procedure |
| 192 | Figure E-5.2.5.1-1 Time Versus Test Temperature for Accelerated Aging Test |
| 193 | NONMANDATORY APPENDIX F USEFUL REFERENCES |
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