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BSI PD CEN ISO/TR 10400:2021

$215.11

Petroleum and natural gas industries. Formulae and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 232
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This document illustrates the formulae and templates necessary to calculate the various pipe properties given in International Standards, including — pipe performance properties, such as axial strength, internal pressure resistance and collapse resistance, — minimum physical properties, — product assembly force (torque), — product test pressures, — critical product dimensions related to testing criteria, — critical dimensions of testing equipment, and — critical dimensions of test samples. For formulae related to performance properties, extensive background information is also provided regarding their development and use. Formulae presented here are intended for use with pipe manufactured in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L, as applicable. These formulae and templates can be extended to other pipe with due caution. Pipe cold-worked during production is included in the scope of this document (e.g. cold rotary straightened pipe). Pipe modified by cold working after production, such as expandable tubulars and coiled tubing, is beyond the scope of this document. Application of performance property formulae in this document to line pipe and other pipe is restricted to their use as casing/tubing in a well or laboratory test, and requires due caution to match the heat-treat process, straightening process, yield strength, etc., with the closest appropriate casing/tubing product. Similar caution is exercised when using the performance formulae for drill pipe. This document and the formulae contained herein relate the input pipe manufacturing parameters in ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L to expected pipe performance. The design formulae in this document are not to be understood as a manufacturing warranty. Manufacturers are typically licensed to produce tubular products in accordance with manufacturing specifications which control the dimensions and physical properties of their product. Design formulae, on the other hand, are a reference point for users to characterize tubular performance and begin their own well design or research of pipe input properties. This document is not a design code. It only provides formulae and templates for calculating the properties of tubulars intended for use in downhole applications. This document does not provide any guidance about loads that can be encountered by tubulars or about safety margins needed for acceptable design. Users are responsible for defining appropriate design loads and selecting adequate safety factors to develop safe and efficient designs. The design loads and safety factors will likely be selected based on historical practice, local regulatory requirements, and specific well conditions. All formulae and listed values for performance properties in this document assume a benign environment and material properties conforming to ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D and ISO 3183 or API 5L. Other environments can require additional analyses, such as that outlined in Annex D. Pipe performance properties under dynamic loads and pipe connection sealing resistance are excluded from the scope of this document. Throughout this document tensile stresses are positive.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 National foreword
4 European foreword
8 Foreword
9 Introduction
11 1 Scope
12 2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
14 4 Symbols
23 5 Conformance
5.1 References
5.2 Units of measurement
6 Triaxial yield of pipe body
6.1 General
6.2 Assumptions and limitations
6.2.1 General
24 6.2.2 Concentric, circular cross-sectional geometry
6.2.3 Isotropic yield
6.2.4 No residual stress
6.2.5 Cross-sectional instability (collapse) and axial instability (column buckling)
6.3 Data requirements
6.4 Design formula for triaxial yield of pipe body
26 6.5 Application of design formula for triaxial yield of pipe body to line pipe
6.6 Example calculations
6.6.1 Initial yield of pipe body, Lamé formula for pipe when external pressure, bending and torsion are zero
27 6.6.2 Yield design formula, special case for thin wall pipe with internal pressure only and zero axial load
28 6.6.3 Pipe body yield strength
6.6.4 Yield in the absence of bending and torsion
29 7 Ductile rupture of the pipe body
7.1 General
30 7.2 Assumptions and limitations
7.3 Data requirements
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Determination of the hardening index
31 7.3.3 Determination of the burst strength factor, ka
32 7.4 Design formula for capped-end ductile rupture
33 7.5 Adjustment for the effect of axial force and external pressure
7.5.1 General
34 7.5.2 Design formula for ductile rupture under combined loads
35 7.5.3 Design formula for ductile necking under combined loads
36 7.5.4 Boundary between rupture and necking
7.5.5 Axisymmetric wrinkling under combined loads
37 7.6 Example calculations
7.6.1 Ductile rupture of an end-capped pipe
7.6.2 Ductile rupture for a given true axial load
38 8 External pressure resistance
8.1 General
8.2 Assumptions and limitations
8.3 Data requirements
39 8.4 Design formula for collapse of pipe body
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Yield strength collapse pressure formula
40 8.4.3 Plastic collapse pressure formula
41 8.4.4 Transition collapse pressure formula
43 8.4.5 Elastic collapse pressure formula
8.4.6 Collapse pressure under axial tensile stress
44 8.4.7 Collapse pressure under axial stress and internal pressure
8.5 Formulae for empirical constants
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 SI units
8.5.3 USC units
45 8.6 Application of collapse pressure formulae to line pipe
8.7 Example calculations
9 Joint strength
9.1 General
46 9.2 API casing connection tensile joint strength
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Round thread casing joint strength
48 9.2.3 Buttress thread casing joint strength
50 9.3 API tubing connection tensile joint strength
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Non-upset tubing joint strength
51 9.3.3 Upset tubing joint strength
52 9.4 Line pipe connection joint strength
10 Pressure performance for couplings
10.1 General
10.2 Internal yield pressure of round thread and buttress couplings
53 10.3 Internal pressure leak resistance of round thread or buttress couplings
56 11 Calculated masses
11.1 General
11.2 Nominal linear masses
11.3 Calculated plain-end mass
11.4 Calculated finished-end mass
57 11.5 Calculated threaded and coupled mass
11.5.1 General
58 11.5.2 Direct calculation of em, threaded and coupled pipe
11.6 Calculated upset and threaded mass for integral joint tubing
11.6.1 General
59 11.6.2 Direct calculation of em, upset and threaded pipe
11.7 Calculated upset mass
11.7.1 General
60 11.7.2 Direct calculation of em, upset pipe
11.8 Calculated coupling mass
11.8.1 General
11.8.2 Calculated coupling mass for line pipe and round thread casing and tubing
62 11.8.3 Calculated coupling mass for buttress thread casing
64 11.9 Calculated mass removed during threading
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 Calculated mass removed during threading pipe or pin ends
65 11.9.3 Calculated mass removed during threading integral joint tubing box ends
66 11.10 Calculated mass of upsets
11.10.1 General
67 11.10.2 Calculated mass of external upsets
11.10.3 Calculated mass of internal upsets
68 11.10.4 Calculated mass of external-internal upsets
69 12 Elongation
13 Flattening tests
13.1 Flattening tests for casing and tubing
70 13.2 Flattening tests for line pipe
14 Hydrostatic test pressures
14.1 Hydrostatic test pressures for plain-end pipe and integral joint tubing
72 14.2 Hydrostatic test pressure for threaded and coupled pipe
15 Make-up torque for round thread casing and tubing
16 Guided bend tests for submerged arc-welded line pipe
16.1 General
74 16.2 Background
16.2.1 Values of εeng
16.2.2 Values of Agbtj
17 Determination of minimum impact specimen size for API couplings and pipe
17.1 Critical thickness
75 17.2 Calculated coupling blank thickness
78 17.3 Calculated wall thickness for transverse specimens
17.4 Calculated wall thickness for longitudinal specimens
17.5 Minimum specimen size for API couplings
80 17.6 Impact specimen size for pipe
17.7 Larger size specimens
81 17.8 Reference information
82 Annex A (informative) Discussion of formulae for triaxial yield of pipe body
95 Annex B (informative) Discussion of formulae for ductile rupture
133 Annex C (informative) Rupture test procedure
135 Annex D (informative) Discussion of formulae for fracture
142 Annex E (informative) Discussion of historical collapse formulae
154 Annex F (informative) Development of probabilistic collapse performance properties
191 Annex G (informative) Calculation of design collapse strength from collapse test data
194 Annex H (informative) Calculation of design collapse strengths from production quality data
208 Annex I (informative) Collapse test procedure
214 Annex J (informative) Discussion of formulae for joint strength
221 Annex K (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in SI units
223 Annex L (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in USC units
225 Bibliography
BSI PD CEN ISO/TR 10400:2021
$215.11