Standard 90.1-1999 contains numerous improvements over the 1989 version, including enhancements in energy efficiency levels, an expanded scope to include existing buildings, and an entire document written in mandatory enforceable language suitable for code adoption. The standard, now available in separate editions of I-P and SI units, addresses national and international needs. Other improvements include simplification of energy efficiency requirements and prescriptive options for all components, in addition to performance-based approaches. Designated as a continuous maintenance standard, the content provides a document that is both maintainable and ready for use by end users in the code community. This standard is under continuous maintenance, which is a process ASHRAE uses to keep standards current through the issuance of addenda, or revisions.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 1. PURPOSE 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard provides 2.2 The provisions of this standard apply to 2.3 The provisions of this standard do not apply to 2.4 Where specifically noted in this standard, certain other buildings or elements of buildings shall be exempt. 2.5 This standard shall not be used to circumvent any safety, health, or environmental requirements. 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS 3.1 General 3.2 Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 4.1 Compliance Requirements 4.1.1 New Buildings. New buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 or Section 11. 4.1.2 Existing Buildings. Additions to and alterations of an existing building shall comply with either the provisions of Sectio… 4.1.2.1 Additions to Existing Buildings. An extension or increase in floor area or height of a building outside of the existing … 4.1.2.2 Alterations to Existing Buildings. Portions of a building envelope, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, service wate… 4.1.2.2.1 Envelope Alterations. Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of Section 5 for insulat… 4.1.2.2.2 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Alterations. New HVAC equipment as a direct replacement of existing HVAC eq… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 4.1.2.2.3 Service Water Heating Alterations. Building service water heating equipment installed as a direct replacement for existing building service water heating equipment shall comply with the requirements of Section 7 applicable to being replaced. 4.1.2.2.4 Power Alterations. Building electrical systems that are replaced shall comply with the requirements of Section 8 applicable to those specific portions of the building and its electrical systems that are being replaced. 4.1.2.2.5 Lighting Alterations. The replacement of lighting systems in any building space shall comply with the lighting power d… 4.1.2.2.6 Other Equipment Alterations. Alterations to other building equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of … 4.1.2.3 Changes in Space Conditioning. Whenever unconditioned or semi-heated spaces in a building are converted to conditioned s… 4.2 Administrative Requirements. Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement by the authority havin… 4.3 Compliance Documents 4.3.1 General. Compliance documents are those plans, specifications, engineering calculations, diagrams, reports, and other data that are approved as part of the permit by the authority having jurisdiction. 4.3.2 Construction Details. Compliance documents shall show all pertinent data and features of the building, equipment, and syst… 4.3.3 Supplemental Information. Supplemental information necessary to verify compliance with this standard, such as calculations… 4.4 Labeling of Materials and Equipment 4.4.1 General. Materials and equipment shall be labeled in a manner that will allow for a determination of their compliance with the applicable provisions of this standard. 4.4.2 Fenestration. The U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and air leakage rate for all manufactured fenestration pro… 4.4.3 Doors. The U-factor and the air leakage rate for all manufactured doors installed between conditioned space, semi-heated s… 4.4.4 Building Envelope Insulation. The rated R-value shall be clearly identified by an identification mark applied by the manuf… 4.4.5 Mechanical Equipment. Mechanical equipment that is not covered by the U.S. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1… 4.4.6 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners. Packaged terminal air conditioners and heat pumps with sleeve sizes less than 16 in. h… 4.4.7 Transformers. The energy-efficiency level shall be identified on a permanent nameplate installed on the transformer by the manufacturer. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4.5 Alternative Materials, Methods of Construction, or Design. The provisions of this standard are not intended to prevent the use of any material, method of construction, design, equipment, or building system not specifically prescribed herein. 4.6 Inspections. All building construction, additions, or alterations subject to the provisions of this standard shall be subjec… 4.7 Referenced Standards. The standards referenced in this standard and listed in Section 12 shall be considered part of the req… 4.8 Normative Appendices. The normative appendices to this standard are considered to be integral parts of the mandatory requirements of this standard, which, for reasons of convenience, are placed apart from all other normative elements. 4.9 Informative Appendices. The informative appendices to this standard and informative notes located within this standard contain additional information and are not mandatory or a part of this standard. 4.10 Validity. If any term, part, provision, section, paragraph, subdivision, table, chart, or referenced standard of this stand… 4.11 Manuals. Operating and maintenance information shall be provided to the building owner. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information specified in 6.2.5.2 and 8.2.2.2. 4.12 Other Laws. The provisions of this standard shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state, or federal law. … 5. BUILDING ENVELOPE 5.1 General 5.1.1 Building Envelope Scope. The requirements of Section 5 apply to 5.1.2 Compliance. For the appropriate climate, space- conditioning category, and class of construction, the building envelope shall comply with 5.1.3 Climate. The climate shall be determined based on the cooling degree-days base 50\u02daF, CDD50, and heating degree-days base 65\u02daF, HDD65. 5.1.3.1 Locations Listed. For those locations listed in Normative Appendix D, use the published climatic data to determine compl… 5.1.3.2 Locations Not Listed. For locations not listed in Normative Appendix D, designers shall select the location that best re… 5.1.4 Space-Conditioning Categories and Basis. Each space shall be included in one of the following categories to determine building envelope requirements: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 5.2 Mandatory Provisions 5.2.1 Insulation General. Where insulation is required in 5.3 or 5.4, it shall also comply with 5.2.1.1 through 5.2.1.5. 5.2.1.1 Insulation Installation. Insulation materials shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer\u2019s recommendations and in such a manner as to achieve rated R-value of insulation. 5.2.1.2 Substantial Contact. Insulation shall be installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with the inside surface…. 5.2.1.3 Recessed Equipment. Lighting fixtures; heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, including wall heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other equipment shall not be recessed in such a manner as to affect the insulation thickness unless: 5.2.1.4 Location of Roof Insulation. The roof insulation shall not be installed on a suspended ceiling with removable ceiling panels. 5.2.1.5 Insulation Protection. Exterior insulation shall be covered with a protective material to prevent damage from sunlight, … 5.2.2 Fenestration and Doors. Product samples used for determining fenestration performance shall be production line units or representative of units as purchased by the consumer or contractor. 5.2.2.1 U-Factor. U-factors shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 100. U-factors for skylights shall be determined for a s… 5.2.2.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient. Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) for the overall fenestration area shall be determined in… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 5.2.2.3 Visible Light Transmittance. When 5.4 is used, visible light transmittance shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 200. Visible light transmittance shall be verified and certified by the manufacturer. 5.2.3 Air Leakage 5.2.3.1 Building Envelope Sealing. The following areas of the building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weather-stripped to minimize air leakage: 5.2.3.2 Fenestration and Doors. Air leakage for fenestration and doors shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 400. Air leak… 5.2.3.3 Loading Dock Weatherseals. In climates that exceed 3600 HDD65, cargo doors and loading dock doors shall be equipped with weatherseals to restrict infiltration when vehicles are parked in the doorway. 5.2.3.4 Vestibules. A door that separates conditioned space from the exterior shall be protected with an enclosed vestibule, wit… 5.3 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 5.3.1 Opaque Areas. Compliance shall be demonstrated by one of the following. 5.3.1.1 Roof Insulation. All roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely above deck, metal building roofs, and attics and ot… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 5.3.1.2 Above-Grade Wall Insulation. All above- grade walls, including mass walls, metal building walls, steel-framed walls, and… 5.3.1.3 Below-Grade Wall Insulation. Below-grade walls shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified in … 5.3.1.4 Floor Insulation. All floors, including mass floors, steel joist floors, and wood framed and other floors, shall have a rated R-value of insulation not less than that specified in Table 5.3. 5.3.1.5 Slab-on-Grade Floor Insulation. All slab-on- grade floors, including heated slab-on-grade floors and unheated slab-on-gr… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 5.3.1.6 Opaque Doors. All opaque doors, including swinging doors and non-swinging doors, shall have a U-factor not greater than that specified in Table 5.3. 5.3.2 Fenestration. Compliance with U-factors and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be demonstrated for the overall fenes… 5.3.2.1 Fenestration Area. The total vertical fenestration area, including both fixed vertical fenestration and operable vertica… 5.3.2.2 Fenestration U-Factor. Fenestration, including fixed vertical fenestration, operable vertical fenestration, glass skylig… 5.3.2.3 Fenestration Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). Vertical fenestration shall have an SHGC not greater than that specifie… 5.3.2.4 Visible Light Transmittance (VLT). There are no minimum visible light transmittance criteria in the Prescriptive Building Envelope Option; however, there are minimum criteria in the Building Envelope Trade-Off Option. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 5.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 6. HEATING, VENTILATing, AND AIR CONDITIONING 6.1 General 6.1.1 HVAC Scope. All mechanical equipment and systems serving the building heating, cooling, or ventilating needs shall meet the requirements of Section 6. 6.1.2 Compliance. Compliance with Section 6 shall be achieved by meeting all requirements for either 6.1.3 Simplified Approach Option for HVAC Systems. Each HVAC system in buildings two stories or less in height and with less tha… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 6.2 Mandatory Provisions 6.2.1 Mechanical Equipment Efficiency. Equipment shown in Tables 6.2.1A through 6.2.1G shall have a minimum performance at the s… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Load Calculations. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determ… 6.2.3 Controls 6.2.3.1 Thermostatic Controls 6.2.3.1.1 General. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be individually controlled by thermostatic contro… 6.2.3.1.2 Dead Band. Where used to control both heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of providing a … <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 6.2.3.1.3 Set Point Overlap Restriction. Where heating and cooling to a zone are controlled by separate zone thermostatic contro… 6.2.3.2 Off-Hour Controls. HVAC systems having a design heating or cooling capacity greater than 65,000 Btu\/h and fan system pow… 6.2.3.2.1 Automatic Shutdown. HVAC systems shall be equipped with at least one of the following: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 6.2.3.2.2 Setback Controls. Heating systems located where the heating design temperature is 40\u02daF or less shall be equipped with … 6.2.3.2.3 Optimum Start Controls. Individual heating and cooling air distribution systems with a total design supply air capacit… 6.2.3.2.4 Shutoff Damper Controls. Both outdoor air supply and exhaust systems shall be equipped with motorized dampers that wil… 6.2.3.2.5 Zone Isolation. HVAC systems serving zones that are intended to operate or be occupied nonsimultaneously shall be divi… 6.2.3.3 Gravity Vent Controls. 6.2.3.3.1 Stair and Shaft Vents. Stair and elevator shaft vents shall be equipped with motorized dampers that are capable of bei… 6.2.3.3.2 Gravity Hoods, Vents, and Ventilators. All outdoor air supply and exhaust hoods, vents, and ventilators shall be equipped with motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the spaces served are not in use. 6.2.3.4 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Control. Heat pumps equipped with internal electric resistance heaters shall have controls that… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 6.2.3.5 Enclosed Parking Garage Ventilation. Garage ventilation fan systems with a total design capacity greater than 30,000 cfm shall be permitted to have at least one of the following: 6.2.3.6 Humidifier Preheat. Humidifiers with preheating jackets mounted in the airstream shall be provided with an automatic valve to shut off preheat when humidification is not required. 6.2.3.7 Humidification and Dehumidification. Where a zone is served by a system or systems with both humidification and dehumidi… 6.2.3.8 Freeze Protection and Snow\/Ice Melting Systems. Freeze protection systems, such as heat tracing of outdoor piping and he… 6.2.3.9 Ventilation Controls for High-Occupancy Areas. Systems with design outdoor air capacities greater than 3000 cfm serving … 6.2.4 HVAC System Construction and Insulation 6.2.4.1 General. Insulation required by this section shall be installed in accordance with industry accepted standards (see Appe… 6.2.4.2 Duct and Plenum Insulation. All supply and return ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Tables 6.2.4.2A and 6.2.4.2B. 6.2.4.3 Duct Sealing. Ductwork and plenums shall be sealed in accordance with Table 6.2.4.3A (Table 6.2.4.3B provides definitions of seal levels), as required to meet the requirements of 6.2.4.4, and with standard industry practice (see Appendix E). 6.2.4.4 Duct Leakage Tests. Ductwork that is designed to operate at static pressures in excess of 3 in. w.c. shall be leak teste… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | 6.2.4.5 Piping Insulation. Piping shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 6.2.4.5. 6.2.5 Completion Requirements 6.2.5.1 Drawings. Construction documents shall require that within 90 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings … 6.2.5.2 Manuals. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and a maintenance manual be provided to the build… 6.2.5.3 System Balancing 6.2.5.3.1 General. Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with generally accepted … 6.2.5.3.2 Air System Balancing. Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans wi… 6.2.5.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 6.2.5.4 System Commissioning. HVAC control systems shall be tested to ensure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in proper working condition. 6.3 Prescriptive Path 6.3.1 Economizers. Each cooling system that has a fan and has capacity greater than or equal to the size listed in Table 6.3.1 shall include either an air or water economizer meeting the requirements of 6.3.1.1 through 6.3.1.4. 6.3.1.1 Air Economizers 6.3.1.1.1 Design Capacity. Air economizer systems shall be capable of modulating outdoor air and return air dampers to provide up to 100% of the design supply air quantity as outdoor air for cooling. 6.3.1.1.2 Control Signal. Economizer dampers shall be capable of being sequenced with the mechanical cooling equipment and shall not be controlled by only mixed air temperature. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | 6.3.1.1.3 High Limit Shutoff. All air economizers shall be capable of automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the minimum q… 6.3.1.1.4 Dampers. Both return air and outdoor air dampers shall have a maximum leakage rate of 20 cfm\/ft2 at 4.0 in. w.g. when tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500. 6.3.1.1.5 Relief of Excess Outdoor Air. Systems shall provide a means to relieve excess outdoor air during air economizer operation to prevent overpressurizing the building. The relief air outlet shall be located to avoid recirculation into the building. 6.3.1.2 Water Economizers 6.3.1.2.1 Design Capacity. Water economizer systems shall be capable of cooling supply air by indirect evaporation and providing up to 100% of the expected system cooling load at outdoor air temperatures of 50\u02daF dry bulb\/ 45\u00b0F wet bulb and below. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 6.3.1.2.2 Maximum Pressure Drop. Precooling coils and water-to-water heat exchangers used as part of a water economizer system s… 6.3.1.3 Integrated Economizer Control. Economizer systems shall be integrated with the mechanical cooling system and be capable of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the remainder of the cooling load. 6.3.1.4 Economizer Heating System Impact. HVAC system design and economizer controls shall be such that economizer operation does not increase the building heating energy use during normal operation. 6.3.2 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation 6.3.2.1 Zone Controls. Zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the supply of heating and cooling en… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | 6.3.2.2 Hydronic System Controls. The heating of fluids in hydronic systems that have been previously mechanically cooled and th… 6.3.2.2.1 Three-Pipe System. Hydronic systems that use a common return system for both hot water and chilled water shall not be used. 6.3.2.2.2 Two-Pipe Changeover System. Systems that use a common distribution system to supply both heated and chilled water are acceptable provided all of the following are met: 6.3.2.2.3 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems. Hydronic heat pumps connected to a common heat pump water loop with central devices for heat rejection (e.g., cooling tower) and heat addition (e.g., boiler) shall have the following: 6.3.2.3 Dehumidification. Where humidistatic controls are provided, such controls shall prevent reheating, mixing of hot and cold airstreams, or other means of simultaneous heating and cooling of the same airstream. 6.3.2.4 Humidification. Systems with hydronic cooling and humidification systems designed to maintain inside humidity at greater than 35\u00b0F dewpoint temperature shall use a water economizer if an economizer is required by 6.3.1. 6.3.3 Air System Design and Control. HVAC systems having a total fan system power exceeding 5 hp shall meet the provisions of 6.3.3.1 through 6.3.3.2 unless otherwise noted. 6.3.3.1 Fan Power Limitation. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 6.3.3.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fan Control (Including Systems Using Series Fan Power Boxes). 6.3.3.2.1 Part-Load Fan Power Limitation. Individual VAV fans with motors 30 hp and larger shall have other controls and devices… 6.3.3.2.2 Static Pressure Sensor Location. Static pressure sensors used to control variable air volume fans shall be placed in a… 6.3.3.2.3 Set Point Reset. For systems with direct digital control of individual zone boxes reporting to the central control pan… 6.3.4 Hydronic System Design and Control. HVAC hydronic systems having a total pump system power exceeding 10 hp shall meet provisions of 6.3.4.1 through 6.3.4.3. 6.3.4.1 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems. HVAC pumping systems shall include control valves designed to modulate or step open and … 6.3.4.2 Pump Isolation. When a chilled water plant includes more than one chiller, provisions shall be made so that the flow in … 6.3.4.3 Chilled and Hot Water Temperature Reset Controls. Chilled and hot water systems with a design capacity exceeding 300,000… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | 6.3.5 Heat Rejection Equipment. 6.3.5.1 General. Subsection 6.3.5 applies to heat rejection equipment used in comfort cooling systems such as air- cooled condensers, open cooling towers, closed-circuit cooling towers, and evaporative condensers. 6.3.5.2 Fan Speed Control. Each fan powered by a motor of 7.5 hp or larger shall have the capability to operate that fan at two-… 6.3.6 Energy Recovery 6.3.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. Individual fan systems that have both a design supply air capacity of 5000 cfm or greater a… 6.3.6.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating. Condenser heat recovery systems shall be installed for heating or preheating of service hot water provided all of the following are true: 6.3.7 Exhaust Hoods 6.3.7.1 Kitchen Hoods. Individual kitchen exhaust hoods larger than 5000 cfm shall be provided with makeup air sized for at leas… 6.3.7.2 Fume Hoods. Buildings with fume hood systems having a total exhaust rate greater than 15,000 cfm shall include at least one of the following features: 6.3.8 Radiant Heating Systems 6.3.8.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. Radiant heating shall be used when heating is required for unenclosed spaces. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 6.3.8.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces. Radiant heating systems that are used as primary or supplemental enclosed space heating must be in conformance with the governing provisions of the standard, including, but not limited, to the following: 6.3.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass or other evaporator pressure control systems unles… 7. SERVICE WATER HEATING 7.1 General 7.1.1 Service Water Heating Scope. Service water heating systems and equipment shall meet the requirements of Section 7. 7.1.2 Compliance. Compliance shall be achieved by meeting the requirements of either 7.2 Mandatory Provisions 7.2.1 Sizing of Systems. Service water heating system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with manufacturers\u2019 published sizing guidelines. 7.2.2 Equipment Efficiency. All water heating equipment, hot water supply boilers used solely for heating potable water, pool he… 7.2.3 Service Hot Water Piping Insulation. The following piping shall be insulated to levels shown in Section 6, Table 6.2.4.5: 7.2.4 Service Water Heating System Controls 7.2.4.1 Temperature Controls. Temperature controls shall be provided that allow for storage temperature adjustment from 120\u00b0F or lower to a maximum temperature compatible with the intended use. 7.2.4.2 Temperature Maintenance Controls. Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes, such as recirculat… 7.2.4.3 Outlet Temperature Controls. Temperature controlling means shall be provided to limit the maximum temperature of water delivered from lavatory faucets in public facility restrooms to 110\u00b0F. 7.2.4.4 Circulating Pump Controls. When used to maintain storage tank water temperature, recirculating pumps shall be equipped w… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 7.2.5 Pools 7.2.5.1 Pool Heaters. Pool heaters shall be equipped with a readily accessible on-off switch to allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. Pool heaters fired by natural gas shall not have continuously burning pilot lights. 7.2.5.2 Pool Covers. Heated pools shall be equipped with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools heated to more than 90\u00b0F shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-12. 7.2.5.3 Time Switches. Time switches shall be installed on swimming pool heaters and pumps. 7.2.6 Heat Traps. Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps and servin… 7.3 Prescriptive Path 7.3.1 Space Heating and Water Heating. The use of a gas-fired or oil-fired space heating boiler system otherwise complying with … 7.3.2 Service Water Heating Equipment. Service water heating equipment used to provide the additional function of space heating as part of a combination (integrated) system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the service water heating equipment. 8. POWER 8.1 General 8.2 Mandatory Provisions 8.2.1 Voltage Drop 8.2.1.1 Feeders. Feeder conductors shall be designed for a maximum voltage drop of 2% at full connected load. 8.2.1.2 Branch Circuits. Branch circuit conductors shall be designed for a maximum voltage drop of 3% at full connected load. 8.2.2 Completion Requirements 8.2.2.1 Drawings. Construction documents shall require that within 30 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings of the actual installation shall be provided to the building owner, including 8.2.2.2 Manuals. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner. The manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following: 9. LIGHTING 9.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | 9.2 Mandatory Provisions 9.2.1 Lighting Control 9.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5000 ft2 shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either 9.2.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling- height partitions shall have at least one control device to independently… 9.2.1.3 Exterior Lighting Control. Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in 9.1 and 9.3.2 shall be controlled by a… 9.2.1.4 Additional Control. 9.2.2 Tandem Wiring. Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps greater than 30 W each shall use two… 9.2.3 Exit Signs. Exit sign luminaires operating at greater than 20 watts shall have a minimum source efficacy of 35 lm\/W. 9.2.4 Installed Interior Lighting Power. The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically exempted in 9.3.1. 9.2.5 Luminaire Wattage. Luminaire wattage incorporated into the installed interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with the following criteria: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | 9.2.6 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall … 9.3 Prescriptive Path 9.3.1 Interior Lighting Power. The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or permitted portion… 9.3.1.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. The building area method shall be used only in th… 9.3.1.2 Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to determine the interior lighting power allowance by the space- by-space method: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | 9.3.2 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The exterior lighting power allowance is the sum of lighting power allowances for all of… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 10. OTHER EQUIPMENT 10.1 General. 10.2 Mandatory Provisions-Electric Motors. Electric motors shall comply with the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 w… 11. ENERGY COST BUDGET METHOD 11.1 General 11.1.1 Energy Cost Budget Method Scope. The building energy cost budget method is an alternative to the prescriptive provisions … 11.1.2 Compliance. Compliance with Section 11 will be achieved if 11.1.3 Trade-Offs Limited to Building Permit. When the building permit being sought applies to less than the whole building, onl… 11.1.4 Envelope Limitation. For new buildings or additions, the building energy cost budget method results shall not be submitte… 11.1.5 Documentation Requirements. Compliance shall be documented and submitted to the authority having jurisdiction. The information submitted shall include the following: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 11.2 Simulation General Requirements 11.2.1 Simulation Program. The simulation program shall be a computer-based program for the analysis of energy consumption in bu… 11.2.1.1 The simulation program shall be approved by the adopting authority and shall, at a minimum, have the ability to explicitly model all of the following: 11.2.1.2 The simulation program shall have the ability to either (1) directly determine the design energy cost and energy cost b… 11.2.1.3 The simulation program shall be capable of performing design load calculations to determine required HVAC equipment capacities and air and water flow rates in accordance with 6.2.2 for both the proposed design and budget building design. 11.2.2 Climatic Data. The simulation program shall perform the simulation using hourly values of climatic data, such as temperat… 11.2.3 Purchased Energy Rates. Annual energy costs shall be determined using rates for purchased energy, such as electricity, gas, oil, propane, steam, and chilled water, and approved by the adopting authority. 11.2.4 Compliance Calculations: The design energy cost and energy cost budget shall be calculated using 11.3 Calculation of the Design Energy Cost 11.3.1 Proposed Design Model. The simulation model of the proposed design shall be consistent with the design documents, includi… 11.3.2 Space Use Classification. The building type or space type classifications shall be chosen in accordance with 9.3.1.1 or 9… 11.3.3 Buildings with Incomplete Energy System Designs. When the energy cost budget method is applied to buildings in which ener… 11.3.4 Requirement for Both Heating and Cooling. All conditioned spaces in the proposed design shall be simulated as being both heated and cooled even if no cooling or heating system is being installed. 11.3.5 HVAC Systems. The HVAC system type and all related performance parameters, such as equipment capacities and efficiencies, in the proposed design shall be determined as follows: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | 11.3.6 Building Envelope. All components of the building envelope in the proposed design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings or as installed for existing building envelopes. 11.3.7 Service Hot Water Systems. The service hot water system type and all related performance parameters, such as equipment capacities and efficiencies, in the proposed design shall be determined as follows: 11.3.8 Lighting. Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined as follows: 11.3.9 Other Systems. Other systems, such as motors, covered by Section 10, may be modeled. If they are modeled, performance sha… 11.3.10 Further Modeling Limitations and Exceptions 11.3.10.1 General. All elements of the proposed design envelope, HVAC, service water heating, lighting, and electrical systems shall be modeled in the proposed design in accordance with the requirements of 11.3.4 through 11.3.9. 11.3.10.2 Limitations to the Simulation Program. If the simulation program cannot model a component or system included in the proposed design, one of the following methods shall be used with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction: 11.3.10.3 Alterations and Additions. It is acceptable to demonstrate compliance using building models that exclude parts of the existing building provided all of the following conditions are met: 11.3.11 Schedules. The schedule types listed in 11.2.1.1 (b) shall be required input. The schedules shall be typical of the prop… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 11.3.12 Thermal Blocks. Thermal blocks for the budget building design and proposed design shall be identical. 11.3.12.1 HVAC Zones Designed. Where HVAC zones are defined on HVAC design drawings, each HVAC zone shall be modeled as a separate thermal block. 11.3.12.2 HVAC Zones Not Designed. Where the HVAC zones and systems have not yet been designed, thermal blocks shall be defined … 11.3.12.3 Thermal Blocks in Multifamily Residential Buildings. Residential spaces shall be modeled using one thermal block per s… 11.4 Calculation of the Energy Cost Budget 11.4.1 Budget Building Design. The budget building design shall be developed by modifying the proposed design as described in 11… 11.4.2 Building Envelope. The budget building design shall have identical conditioned floor area and identical exterior dimensio… 11.4.3 HVAC Systems. The HVAC system type and related performance parameters for the budget building design shall be determined from Figure 11.4.3, the system descriptions in Table 11.4.3A and accompanying notes, and the following rules: <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | 11.4.4 Service Hot Water Systems. The service hot water system type and related performance in the budget building design shall … 11.4.5 Lighting. Lighting power in the budget building design shall be determined using the same categorization procedure (build… 11.4.6 Other Systems. Other systems, such as motors covered by Section 10, and miscellaneous loads shall be modeled as identical… 11.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods: Where no simulation program is available that adequately models a design, material, or dev… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | 12. NORMATIVE REFERENCES <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 (I-P) – Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (IESNA cosponsored; ANSI approved)<\/b><\/p>\n |